PRESENTATION

M.A.N.I.T. BHOPAL
BYE LAWS
TERMINOLOGY
Air Conditioning The process of treating air so as to control simultaneously its
temperature, humidity, purity, distribution and air movement and pressure to meet the
requirements of the conditioned space
Buildings Related Illnesses (BRI) The illness attributed directly to the specific air-
borne building contaminants like the outbreak of the Legionnaires disease after a
convention and sensitivity pneumonitis with prolonged exposure to the indoor environment
of the building.
Dewpoint Temperature The temperature at which condensation of moisture begins
when the air is cooled at same pressure.
Duct System A continuous passageway for the transmission of air which, in addition to
the ducts, may include duct fittings, dampers, plenums, and grilles and diffusers.
Enthalpy A thermal property indicating the quantity of heat in the air above an arbitrary
datum, in kilo Joules per kg of dry air
Evaporative Air Cooling The evaporative air cooling application is the simultaneous
removal of sensible heat and the addition of moisture to the air.
Fire Damper A closure which consists of a normally held open damper installed in an
air distribution system or in a wall or floor assembly and designed to close automatically in
the event of a fire in order to maintain the integrity of the fire separation.
Fire Separation Wall The wall providing complete separation of one building from
another or part of a building from another part of the same building to prevent any
communication of fire or heat transmission to wall itself.
TERMINOLOGY
Global Warming Potential (GWP) The potential of a refrigerant to contribute to global
warming.






Hydronic Systems The water systems that convey heat to or from a conditioned space
or process with hot or chilled water.
Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Air quality that refers to the nature of conditioned air that
circulates throughout the space/area where one works or lives, that is, the air one breathes
when indoors.
Infiltration/Exfiltration The phenomenon of outside air leaking into/out of an air
conditioned space.
Plenum An air compartment or chamber to which one or more ducts are connected and
which forms part of an air distribution system.
Positive Ventilation The supply of outside air by means of a mechanical device, such
as a fan.
Psychrometry The science involving thermodynamic properties of moist air and the
effect of atmospheric moisture on materials and human comfort.

TERMINOLOGY
Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) The potential of refrigerant or gases to deplete the
ozone in the atmosphere.







Recirculated Air The return air that has been passed through the conditioning
apparatus before being re-supplied to the space.
Return Air The air that is collected from the conditioned space and returned to the
conditioning equipment.
Shade Factor The ratio of instantaneous heat gain through the fenestration with
shading device to that through the fenestration.
Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) A term, which is used to describe the presence of
acute nonspecific symptoms in the majority of people caused by working in buildings with
an adverse indoor environment. It could be a cluster of complex irritative symptoms like
irritation of the eyes, blockened nose and throat, headaches, dizziness,etc.

TERMINOLOGY
Smoke Damper A damper similar to fire damper, however, having provisions to
close automatically on sensing presence of smoke in air distribution system or in
conditioned space.
Static Pressure The pressure that is required to be created by the fan over the
atmospheric pressure to overcome the system resistances such as resistances in
ducts, elbows, filters, dampers, heating/cooling coils, etc.
Supply Air The air that has been passed through the conditioning apparatus and
taken through the duct system and distributed in the conditioned space.
Thermal Transmittance Thermal transmission per unit time through unit area of
the given building unit divided by the temperature difference between the air or some
other fluid on either side of the building unit in steady state conditions.
Thermal Energy Storage Storage of thermal energy, sensible, latent or
combination thereof for use in central system for air conditioning or refrigeration.
Water Conditioning The treatment of water circulating in a hydronic system, to
make it suitable for air conditioning system due to its effect on the economics of air
conditioning plant.
SYMBOLS, UNITS, COLOUR CODE
AND IDENTIFICATION OF SERVICES
Colour code for identification for various items in air conditioning installations for easy
interpretation and identification is advisable.
Colour bands shall be 150 mm wide,superimposed on ground colour to distinguish
type and condition of fluid. The pacing of band shall not exceed 4.0 m.
Further identification may also be carried out using lettering and marking direction of
flow.
Services Identification
Pipe Work Services
a) The scheme of colour code for painting of pipe work services for air conditioning
installation shall be as indicated in Table:
SYMBOLS, UNITS, COLOUR CODE
AND IDENTIFICATION OF SERVICES
b) In addition to the colour bands specified above, all pipe work shall be legibly marked
with black or white letters to indicate the type of service and the direction of flow,
identified as follows:
High Temperature Hot Water HTHW
Medium Temperature Hot Water MTHW
Low Temperature Hot Water LTHW
Chilled Water CHW
Condenser Water CDW
Steam ST
Condensate CN

Valve Labels and Charts
Each valve shall be provided with a label indicating the service being controlled,
together with a reference number corresponding with that shown on the Valve Charts
and as fitted drawings. The labels shall be made from 3 ply (black/white/black)
traffolyte material showing white letters and figures on a black background. Labels
shall be tied to each valve with chromium plated linked chain.
SYMBOLS, UNITS, COLOUR CODE
AND IDENTIFICATION OF SERVICES
Duct Work Services
For duct work services and its insulation, colour triangle may be provided. The size of
the triangle will depend on the size of the duct and viewing distance but the minimum
size should not be less than 150 mm length per side.
The colour for various duct work services shall be as given below:
Services Colour
Conditioned Air Red and Blue
Ward Air Yellow
Fresh Air Green
Exhaust/Extract/Recalculated Air Grey
Foul Air Brown
Dual Duct System Hot Supply Air Red
Cold Supply Air Blue

UNITORY AIR CONDITIONER
self-conditioned air conditioning units
generally installed in windows therefore known as windows air conditioners
designed to provide free delivery of conditioned air to an enclosed space, rooms,
zone
prime source of refrigeration for cooling and dehumidification
means for circulation and filteration of air
include provisions for exhaust room air as also induce fresh air for ventilation in the
room
several other optional features, such as:

CAPACITY
most of the manufacturers supply unitary air conditions in capacities of 3500W (1TR),
5250W (1.5 TR) and 7000W (2 TR).
capacity of windows air conditioners is rated as outside dry bulb temperature of 35 degree
C and wet bulb temperature 30 degree C and they are suitable for 230V and single phase
(50 Hz) power supply
generally a voltage stabilizer has to be installed to ensure that window air conditioner gets
stabilized rated voltage
SUITABILITY
POWER CONSUMPTION
Power consumption of windows air conditioners of 1 TR (3500) rated capacity should not
exceed 1.55 kW/ TR
in smaller sizes power consumption may exceed
rotary compressors normaly consumes 7% to 8% less power compared to the above value
for reciprocating compressors
NOISE LEVEL
mounted preferably at the window sill level on an external wall where hot air from air-
cooled condensor may be discharged without causing nuisance
there should not be any obstruction to the inlet and discharge air of the condensor
ensure that the condensate water dripping does not create any nuisance
LOCATION
LIMITATIONS
PLANNING DESIGN CRITERIA
Fundamental Requirements
The object of installing ventilation and air conditioning facilities in buildings shall be to
provide conditions under which people can live in comfort, work safely and efficiently.
Ventilation and air conditioning installation shall aim at controlling and optimizing
following factors in the building:
Air purity and filtration,
Air movement,
Dry-bulb temperature,
Relative humidity,
Noise and vibration,
Energy efficiency, and
Fire safety.
PLANNING DESIGN CRITERIA
The plans for air conditioning, heating and mechanical ventilation systems shall
include all 7
details and data necessary for review of installation such as:
a) building: name, type and location;
b) owner: name;
c) orientation: north direction on plans;
d) general plans: dimensions and height of all rooms;
e) intended use of all rooms;
f) detail or description of wall construction, including insulation and finish;
g) detail or description of roof, ceiling and floor construction including insulation and
finish.

Pre-planning
Design Considerations
Cooling load estimate shall be carried out prior to installing air conditioning
equipment. Calculation of cooling load shall take into account the following factors:

Recommended indoor temperature and relative humidity;
Outside design conditions as specified in 4.4;
Details of construction and orientation of exposures like roof, floor, walls, partition and
ceiling;
Fenestration area and shading factors;
Occupancy Number of people and their activity;
Ventilation Requirement for fresh air;

Pre-planning
The design of system and its associated controls shall also take into account the
following:
a) Nature of application,
b) Type of construction of building,
c) Permissible control limits
d) energy efficiency
e) hours of use
f) Diversity factor

The operation of system in the following conditions should be considered when
assessing the complete design:
Summer,
Monsoon,
Winter,
Intermediate seasons,
Night, and weekdays and holidays

DESIGN OF AIR CONDITIONING
A ventilation and air conditioning system installed in a building should clean, freshen
and condition the air within the space to be air conditioned. This can be achieved by
providing the required amount of fresh air either to remove totally or to dilute odours,
fumes, etc (for example, from smoking). Local extract systems may be necessary to
remove polluted air from kitchens, toilets, etc. Special air filter may be required to
remove contaminants or smells when air is recirculated.

It is desirable that access doors to air conditioned space are provided with tight
sealing gaskets and self closing devices for air conditioning to be effective.

Positions of air inlets and extracts to the system are most important and care should
be taken in their location. Consideration should be given to relatively nearby buildings
and any contaminated discharges from those buildings. Inlet should not be positioned
near any flue outlets, dry cleaning or washing machine extraction outlets, kitchen,
water-closets, etc. When possible, air inlets should be at high level so as to induce air
from as clean an area as possible. If low level intakes are used, care should be taken
to position them well away from roadways and car parks.
Design Considerations
Types of System
Systems for air conditioning need to control temperature and humidity within
predetermined limits throughout the year. Various types of refrigerating systems are
available to accomplish the tasks of cooling and dehumidifying, which are an
essential feature of air conditioning. Systems for air conditioning may be grouped as
all-air type, air and water type, all water type or unitary type.
All-air system
This type of air conditioning system provides complete sensible and latent cooling,
preheating and humidification in the air supplied by the system. Most plants operate
on the recirculation principle, where a percentage of the air is extracted and the
remainder mixed with incoming fresh air.

Minimum outside fresh air
The fresh air supply is required to maintain an acceptably non-odorous atmosphere
(by diluting body odorous and tobacco smoke) and to dilute the carbondioxide
exhaled. This quantity may be quoted per person and is related to the occupant
density and activity within the space. Table 4 gives minimum fresh air supply rates for
mechanically ventilated or air conditioned space. The quantity and distribution of
introduced fresh air should take into account the natural infiltration of the building.


Design Conditions
Temperature
General consideration
Certain minimum temperatures may be required depending on type of application and
by local regulations. Maximum permitted cooling temperatures may be stipulated by
relating to energy conservation.
From the comfort aspect, it is important to take into account the effect of radiant
temperature in fixing the desired air temperatures to maintain comfortable conditions.
When large windows/curtain walls are used, it may be necessary to provide
shading/north orientation to protect the occupants from solar radiation and to reduce
the cooling load on the system. It is not practical to fully compensate for solar
heating, owing to its intermittent nature, simply by lowering air temperature.
A persons heat loss, and hence his feeling of comfort, depends not only on the air
temperature but also on the radiant heat gain, the air movement and the humidity of
the air. Many attempts have been made to devise a single index that combines the
effect of two or more of these separate variables. In practice the difference between
these indices is small, provided the various parameters do not vary beyond certain
limits.
MECHANICAL VENTILATION (FOR NON AIR CONDITIONED
AREAS) AND EVAPORATIVE COOLING

Ventilation
Ventilation is the process of changing air in an enclosed space. A proportion of the air
in the space should be continuously withdrawn and replaced by fresh air drawn from
outside to maintain the required level of air purity. Ventilation is required to control the
following:
Oxygen Content Prevent depletion of the oxygen content of the air;
Carbondioxide and Moisture To prevent undue accumulation;
Contaminants To prevent undue rise in concentration of body odours and other
contaminants such as tobacoo smoke;
Bacteria To oxidize colonies of bacteria and fungas to prevent their proliferation.
Heat To remove body heat and heat dissipated by electrical or mechanical
equipment or solar heat gains.
Beneficial Effects of Ventilation
Fresh air supply

Ventilation system provides the fresh air flow that is required to maintain an
acceptable non-odorous atmosphere (by diluting body odours and tobacco smoke)
and to dilute the carbon dioxide exhaled.
The quantity and distribution of introduced outside air takes into account infiltration,
exhaust and dilution requirements of the building. Proportion of fresh air introduced
into a building may be varied to achieve economical operation. When fresh air can
provide useful cooling effect, the quantity should be controlled to match the cooling
demand.
Industrial Ventilation
Industrial buildings from a major application of mechanical ventilation.
In industrial buildings, ventilation is needed to provide the fresh air normally required
for health and hygiene and also, to mitigate thermal working conditions by assisting in
removal of surplus heat due to equipment, people and building heat gains.
Following are some of the factors that should be considered in the system design:
A supply system would not be satisfactory without a complementary exhaust system.
Similarly any exhaust system would require for complementary supply system.
Air should be supplied equitably through grilles, diffusers and such other devices.
Directional grilles, diffusers and nozzles designed specifically to alleviate the thermal
conditions should be considered. Drafts should be avoided.
c. Ventilation systems may need to be supplemented by exhaust hoods and canopies
designed to capture the unwanted fumes or dust right at the source irrespective of
other air currents in the vicinity.
HEATING
The installations for air conditioning system may be used advantageously for the
central heating system with additions such as hot water or boiler and hot water coils
or strip heater banks.

Hot Water Heated Coils
Central heating systems using hot water usually required not more than one or two
rows of tubes in the direction of air flow, in order to produce the desired heating
capacity. To achieve high efficiency without excessive water pressure drop through
the coil, various circuit arrangements are used.
Generally, the resistance to the hot water flow through the heater should not exceed
4 k Pa in low pressure hot water heating installations. In high pressure hot water
installations, the resistance to the water flow will probably be determined by other
factors, for example, the need to balance circuits.
Electric Air Heater
The air velocity through the heaters should be sufficient to permit the absorption of
the rated output of the finned tube heaters within its range of safe temperatures and
the exact velocity determined in conjunction with the manufacturers of the heater.
Electrical load should be balanced across the three-phase of the electrical supply.

Where automatic temperature control is required the heater should be divided into a
number of sections dependent upon the degree of control to be effected.

Each section of heater elements, which may be two rows of elements should have its
own busbars and connection and be capable of withdrawal from the casing, thus
enabling the elements to be cleaned or repaired whilst the remainder is in operation.
Each section should be capable of being isolated electrically before being withdrawn
from the casing.
Presentation By :-
101110004 SAMAPIKA DALAI

101110008 MEENAL NAGDAVNE

101110040 SAURABH PATIL

101110042 BHARAT WADHWANI
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