ALOHAnet

Ravi.H.B
Protocol
 Set of rules that govern data communication.
 A protocol defines what is communicated,
how it is communicated and when it is
communicated.
MAC Protocols
 Medium Access Control.
 Many nodes share a common channel.

 Goals
 Fair among users
 High efficiency
 Low delay
 Fault tolerant
ALOHAnet
 Norman Abramson – University of Hawaii in
1970.
 Used for satellite communication in the
pacific.
 Basic “transmit at will” protocols.

 ALOHAnet uses shared medium for

transmission.
ALOHA Protocol
 OSI layer 2 protocol
 Used for LAN networks

 Broadcast topology

 Contention type
ALOHA
 Two rules
 If you have data to send, send the data.
 If the message collides with another transmission, try
re-transmitting later.
 Successful receipt of the frame at the satellite
means no collision or overlap.
 ALOHA depends on the ability of a node to
detect or learn that a collision has occurred.
ALOHA
 Any terminal is allowed
to transmit without
considering whether
channel is idle or busy
 If packet is received
correctly, the listener
transmits an ACK.
 If no ACK is received,
re-transmission of data
ALOHA - Types
 Pure ALOHA
 Slotted ALOHA
Pure ALOHA
 Any node with a packet of data to transmit
can transmit onto the shared channel.
 Collision will occur in 2 scenarios
 Another node is already transmitting when this node
starts.
 Another node starts to transmit while this node is
transmitting
Slotted ALOHA
 Enhancement of Pure ALOHA.
 A node can send only at the beginning of a
new timeslot.
 Thus, collisions are reduced.
Throughput of Pure ALOHA
 In Pure ALOHA, the vulnerable period for a
node’s transmission starts T seconds before
it initiates its frame transmission and ends T
seconds after it completes its frame.
 Max. Throughput is 18.4%

 It occurs at G=0.5
Throughput of Pure ALOHA
0.2

0.18

0.16

0.14
Throughput (S)

0.12

0.1

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

0
0 1 2 3 4 5
AverageNumberofframesperunittime(G)
Throughput of Slotted ALOHA
 In Slotted ALOHA, the vulnerable period of a
node’s transmission is only the T seconds
prior to the start of its frame.
 Max. Throughput is 36.8%

 It occurs at G=1
Throughput of Slotted ALOHA
0.4

0.35

0.3
Throughput (S)

0.25

0.2

0.15

0.1

0.05

0
0 1 2 3 4 5
AverageNumberofframesperunittime(G)
Thank You