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Present perfect

just, already, since, for, or yet



Present perfect is formed with have, an auxiliary, and the past participle of the main verb.
I have walked, I have been, I have gone, I have learned, I have asked, I have had.

Present Perfect is used to express an action or state
which has been completed, but without mentioning a specific time.
Jim has been ill. (no specific time mentioned) Hes well again ,now.
which repeated itself in the past and can continue repeating now and into the future.
Ann has seen this TV show many times. (and she may continue watching it).
that started in the past, is continuing now and may continue beyond, into the future.
Weve lived in the same apartment for three years. (and we may stay longer).
with time expressions such as today, this month, this year, which have not been
concluded.
Hes been absent from work twice this week.



Ive just
Just means a short time ago, an action
completed immediately before now.
Ive just finished putting the baby to sleep.
Ive just made a fresh pot of coffee.
The train has just arrived.
The store has just opened.
Is the paint dried yet? No Ive just finished
painting it.
May I speak with your supervisor? Oh, sorry.
Im afraid hes just left.

Ive already
Already means that the action happened before you expected it
to occur, or that it was completed now instead of later when you
expected it to happen. People will ask so soon?, so early?
Ive just finished putting the baby down for a nap and she is
already asleep. And shes fallen asleep already? (So soon?) That
was fast!
Ive just made a fresh pot of coffee. Would you like a cup? No
thanks, Ive already had breakfast. (prior to now)
The train has just arrived. Oh ok. I thought that I had already
missed it and would have to wait for the next train. (prior to now)
The store has just opened, so they are having an open house.
Thats strange. I thought that it had already opened last week.
(prior to now)
Has the paint dried yet? No, Ive just finished painting it. Oh I
thought that the paint had already dried. (prior to now)
May I speak with your supervisor? Oh, sorry. Im afraid hes just
left. Oh. (So early?) I didnt think that he had already left.
I havent yet Have you yet?
Yet means until now, that the action has not happened up to this point in
time.

Ive just finished putting the baby down for a nap and she is already asleep.
And shes fallen asleep already? (So soon?) That was fast! No, I was
mistaken. She has not fallen asleep yet. She is still awake.
Ive just made a fresh pot of coffee. Would you like a cup? No thanks, Ive
already had breakfast. (prior to now) Ok. Well I have to have a cup because I
havent eaten anything yet.
The train has just arrived. Oh ok. I thought that I had already missed it and
would have to wait for the next train. (prior to now) Im glad that it hasnt
left yet.
The store has just opened, so they are having an open house. Thats
strange. I thought that it had already opened last week. (prior to now) Have
you decided what you need to shop for yet?
Has the paint dried yet? No, Ive just finished painting it. Oh I thought that
the paint had already dried. (prior to now)
May I speak with your supervisor? Oh, sorry. Im afraid hes just left. Oh. (So
early?) I didnt think that he had already left. I didnt think he had left yet.
We use the present perfect to talk about
our experience -- Have you ever?
Present Perfect (span of time to
the present point in time)
Have you ever been to Paris?
Have you ever played football?
Have you been married before?
Have you ever studied Italian?
Have you ever taken a cruise?
Have you ever gone hiking?
Has you ever gotten an award?
Have you ever met Obama?
Have you ever tried to ski?
Have you met the love of your life?
Have you had this cough long?
Simple Past (The action occurred at a
specific point in time or never).
Yes, I was there in 1992.
Yes, I played in college.
No, I never married.
No, I never did.
Yes, we went to the Bahamas.
Yes , when we went to Colorado.
Yes, he received the Kern Prize.
Yes, when he was in town.
No, I never had the opportunity.
Yes, and we got married in 2003.
No, it began last night.
present
present
past
past
Have you yet? I havent yet
Yet means until now, that the action has not happened up to this point in time.

Ive just finished putting the baby down for a nap and she is already asleep.
And shes fallen asleep already? (So soon?) That was fast! No, I was
mistaken. She has not fallen asleep yet. She is still awake.
Ive just made a fresh pot of coffee. Would you like a cup? No thanks, Ive
already had breakfast. (prior to now) Ok. Well I have to have a cup because I
havent eaten anything yet.
The train has just arrived. Oh ok. I thought that I had already missed it and
would have to wait for the next train. (prior to now) Im glad that it hasnt
left yet.
The store has just opened, so they are having an open house. Thats
strange. I thought that it had already opened last week. (prior to now) Have
you decided what you need to shop for yet?
Has the paint dried yet? No, Ive just finished painting it. Oh, I thought that
the paint had already dried. (prior to now)
May I speak with your supervisor? Oh, sorry. Im afraid hes just left. Oh. (So
early?) I didnt think that he had already left. I didnt think he had left yet.
How long have you? Since or For
Since means until now, that the action has not happened up to this point in time.
Since is used with definite times. For is used with quantities of time.

Ive just finished putting the baby down for a nap and she is already asleep. And shes fallen
asleep already? (So soon?) That was fast! No, I was mistaken. She has not fallen asleep yet.
She is still awake. She has been quiet since I arrived, for a hour at least.
Ive just made a fresh pot of coffee. Would you like a cup? No thanks, Ive already had
breakfast. (prior to now) Ok. Well I have to have a cup because I havent eaten anything yet.
This coffee has been here for hours, since 6:00 A.M.
The train has just arrived. Oh ok. I thought that I had already missed it and would have to
wait for the next train. (prior to now) Im glad that it hasnt left yet. Ive been here since
noon, and she has also been here for a long time.
The store has just opened, so they are having an open house. Thats strange. I thought that it
had already opened last week. (prior to now) Have you decided what you need to shop for
yet? No, Ive been so busy at work since we got that new account, that I havent had time to
think about myself for several days.
Has the paint dried yet? No, Ive just finished painting it. Oh, I thought that the paint had
already dried. (prior to now) Since when does paint dry immediately? Oh, Im sorry. I didnt
know that it had been drying only for a few seconds.
May I speak with your supervisor? Oh, sorry. Im afraid hes just left. Oh. (So early?) I didnt
think that he had already left. I didnt think he had left yet.
I have waited for him to get back to me for a week, since Monday, but he hasnt returned my
call yet.
Now its your turn.
Fill in the blanks with just, already, since, for, or yet.
Ive ____ finished putting the baby down for a nap and she is ____ asleep. And
shes fallen asleep ____? (So soon?) That was fast! No, I was mistaken. She has not
fallen asleep ____. She is still awake. She has been quiet ____ I arrived, ____
hour at least.
Ive ____ made a fresh pot of coffee. Would you like a cup? No thanks, Ive ____
had breakfast. (prior to now) Ok. Well I have to have a cup because I havent eaten
anything ____. This coffee has been here ____ hours, ____ 6:00 A.M.
The train has ____ arrived. Oh ok. I thought that I had ____ missed it and would
have to wait for the next train. (prior to now) Im glad that it hasnt left ____. Ive
been here ____ noon, and she has also been here ____ a long time.
The store has ____ opened, so they are having an open house. Thats strange. I
thought that it had ____ opened last week. (prior to now) Have you decided what
you need to shop for ____? No, Ive been so busy at work ____ we got that new
account, that I havent had time to think about myself ____ several days.
Has the paint dried ____? No, Ive ____ finished painting it. Oh, I thought that the
paint had ____ dried. (prior to now) ____ when does paint dry immediately? Oh,
Im sorry. I didnt know that it had been drying only ____ a few seconds.
May I speak with your supervisor? Oh, sorry. Im afraid hes ____ left. Oh. (So
early?) I didnt think that he had ____ left. I didnt think he had left ____.
I have waited for him to get back to me ____ a week, ____ Monday, but he hasnt
returned my call ____.

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