Devices: Repeaters, Hubs, Bridges,

Switches, Routers, & Gateways

animation PPT Network connecting devices movieNET07
CN5E by Tanenbaum & Wetherall, Pearson Education-Prentice
Hall and D. Wetherall, 2011
Devices are named according to the layer
they process
A bridge or LAN switch operates in the Link
layer
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 3
CONNECTING DEVICES
LANs or WANs do not normally operate in isolation.
They are connected to one another or to the
Internet. To connect LANs and WANs together we
use connecting devices. Connecting devices can
operate in different layers of the Internet model. We
discuss three kinds of connecting devices: repeaters
(or hubs), bridges (or two-layer switches), and
routers (or three-layer switches).
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 4
Connecting devices
Animation PPT nic
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 9
Figure 3.41 Repeater or hub
Animation: PPT broadcast hub
Sent
Maintained
PPT collison 9-HUB
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 10
A repeater forwards every bit; it has no
filtering capability.
Note
Bridge
1. A bridge has a table used in filtering
decisions.
2. A bridge does not change the physical
(MAC) ddresses in a frame.
Connects to LAN using same protocols
Has filtering capability
Each line has separate collision domain
Transparent: Stations unaware about bridge
Source Routing: Duties performed by station
has to maintain address
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 14
Figure 3.42 Bridge
71:2B:13:45:61:41
1
4
3
2
71:2B:13:45:61:42
64:2B:13:45:61:12
64:2B:13:45:61:13
Address Port
Bridge table
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 15
Figure 3.43 Learning bridge
a. Original
Address Port
c. After D sends a frame to B
71:2B:13:45:61:41 1
4 64:2B:13:45:61:13
Address Port
M M
M
M


Switches
PPT Filtering and no broadcasting switch
Animation PPT no collision 10-switch


Works at Data link layer
Called interchangeably with Bridge but
No broadcast:Read data in the packet find source
and destination address and send to the
destination only not baroadcast
Mostly switches used to connect individual
computer
Though node is in same network it passed
through switch which does not happened in
bridges
Three types
1. Cut through switch: No buffering
2. Two layer switch: Physical and data link
3. Three layer switch: Router
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 17
Figure 3.44 Routing example
Router
Animation PPT router
Animation PPT Multiple paths router

A repeater or a bridge connects segments
of a LAN.
A router connects independent LANs or
WANs to create an internetwork (internet).
Changes physical address of packet but not
logical address
32 or 128 bit address
If one path fails data can send from another
path
Used to interconnect different networks to
make internet
Gateways
PPT Network connecting devices movieNET07

Network point that acts as entrance to
another network i.e. controlling traffic
Used to convert in between different
protocols
Combines both modem and router
Works from layer 4 and above
Animation PPT firewalls