SOCIAL REFORMS

It is one of the beautiful

compensations in this life
that no one can sincerely try
to help another without
helping himself. - Ralph
Waldo Emerson

RALPH WALDO EMERSON
- considered the leader of the
transcendentalists, an American
philosophical movement that believed all
humans, like all nature, were born good.
- If people became corrupt, it was because
some institution of society had ruined
them.
- This philosophy had a strong influence
on American society in the 1830s and
40s, and many adherents turned their
attention to making America into a better
place.
HORACE MANN, "THE FATHER OF AMERICAN
PUBLIC SCHOOLS."
state's supervisor of education
lengthened the school year to
6 months and made
improvements in school
curriculum
three basic principles of public
education: that school should
be free and supported by
taxes, that teachers should be
trained and that children
should be required to attend
school.




http://reformmovements1800s.weebly.com/education.html


Horace Mann of Massachusetts led
the common school movement in the
early 1800s, in which public schools
were financed by local property taxes.
Mann also emphasized positive
reinforcement instead of punishment.

CALVINISM
The Christian denomination based upon
the doctrines of John Calvin, which
place emphasis on the sovereignty of
God and which distinctively include the
doctrine of predestination (that a special
few are predetermined for salvation,
while others cannot attain it).
Early public school curriculum was based
on strict Calvinism and concentrated on
teaching moral values.

Education in the United States
had long been a local affair
with schools governed by
locally elected school boards.
Instruction and curriculum
were all locally determined and
teachers were expected to
meet rigorous demands of
strict moral behavior. Schools
taught religious values and
applied Calvinist philosophies
of discipline which included
corporal punishment and
public humiliation.

THE LYCEUM MOVEMENT
The Lyceum Movement was a public education
movement that began around 1825
It is credited with promoting the establishment
of public schools, libraries, and museums in the
United States.
Lyceums reflect the lecture system that many
universities continue to use today.
Josiah Holbrook, the "father" of the Lyceum
Movement, named the program for the place (a
grove near the temple of Apollo Lyceus) where
the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle taught
his students.


https://herndonapush.wikispaces.com/Education+Reform+1800-
1860,+Lyceum+Movement