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Osteoarthritis also called "wear and tear" arthritis Knees, feet, hips and lumbar vertebrae 90 % of the population 40 years of age 50 to 80% in elderly CAUSES PRIMARY OSTEOARTHRITIS ( normal part of aging) o Metabolic factors ( hyperthyroidism) o Chemical factors ( steroids ) o Mechanical factors ( repeated stress on joint.
Osteoarthritis also called "wear and tear" arthritis Knees, feet, hips and lumbar vertebrae 90 % of the population 40 years of age 50 to 80% in elderly CAUSES PRIMARY OSTEOARTHRITIS ( normal part of aging) o Metabolic factors ( hyperthyroidism) o Chemical factors ( steroids ) o Mechanical factors ( repeated stress on joint.
Osteoarthritis also called "wear and tear" arthritis Knees, feet, hips and lumbar vertebrae 90 % of the population 40 years of age 50 to 80% in elderly CAUSES PRIMARY OSTEOARTHRITIS ( normal part of aging) o Metabolic factors ( hyperthyroidism) o Chemical factors ( steroids ) o Mechanical factors ( repeated stress on joint.
Chronic condition causing the deterioration of joint cartilage and formation of new bone at margins of subchondral area. osteoarthrosis Also called "wear and tear" arthritis Knees, feet, hips and lumbar vertebrae
90 % of the population 40 years of age 50 to 80% in elderly
CAUSES PRIMARY OSTEOARTHRITIS ( normal part of aging)
o Metabolic factors ( hyperthyroidism )
o Chemical factors ( steroids )
o Mechanical factors ( repeated stress on joint )
SECONDARY OSTEOARTHRITIS ( follows an identifiable predisposing event that leads to degenerative changes )
o Trauma o Congenital deformity o Obesity
ANATOMY PATHOPHYSIOLOGY SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
o Joint pain that is relieved by rest
o Joint crepitus during motion
o Heberdens nodes and Bouchards nodes
o Decreased ROM COMPLICATIONS o Irreversible joint changes and node formation
o Loss of independence in activities of daily living
o Pain
o Subluxation of the joint DIAGNOSTIC TEST o Synovial fluid analysis o X-rays oMRI oArthroscopy TREATMENT o Weight loss if needed
o Exercise
o Medications ( NSAID, corticosteroids )
o Glucocorticoid injection
o Joint protection
o Surgery ( arthrosplasty, osteoplasty ) Treatment: Physical Therapy There is no treatment to stop the erosion of cartilage in the joints, but there are ways to improve joint function. One of these is physical therapy to increase flexibility and strengthen the muscles around the affected joints. The therapist may also apply heat or cold therapies such as heat packs or compresses to relieve pain. Supportive Devices Supportive devices, such as finger splints or knee braces, can reduce stress on the joints and ease pain. If walking is difficult, canes, crutches, or walkers may be helpful. People with osteoarthritis of the spine may benefit from switching to a firmer mattress and wearing a back brace or neck collar.
PREVENTION Preventing Osteoarthritis The most important thing you can do to ward off osteoarthritis is keep your weight in check. Over the years, extra weight puts stress on the joints and may even alter the normal joint structure. Preventing injuries is also important. Take precautions to avoid repetitive motion injuries on the job. If you play a sport, use proper equipment and observe safety guidelines. NURSING CONSIDERATIONS o Teach self care skills to promote joint health o Assist with physical therapy o Encourage the patient to perform gentle isometric ROM exercise o If patient needs surgery, provide appropriate preoperative and postoperative care o Provide emotional support THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!