Riset Kualitatif

Grounded Theory
Definition
A strategy for handling data in research,
providing modes of conceptualization for
describing and explanation
A research method that seek to develop
theory that is grounded in data systematically
gathered and analyzed
The discovery of theory from data,
systematically obtained and analyzed in social
research

Tujuan
Memahami perilaku manusia yang alamiah
dengan menggeneralisasikan teori tentang
fenomena sosial dan psikologi
Menciptakan teori yang berasal dari symbolic
interactionism yang berfokus pada arti suatu
kejadian pada sso pada setting yang alamiah
Ide sentral dari menggeneralisasi teori adalah
bahwa teori digeneralisasikan dari data tidak
menggunakan hipotesa
Keutamaan
Cocok untuk meneliti hal-hal yang masih belum
jelas atau untuk memperoleh persepsi baru dari
situasi yang sudah biasa
Sangat membantu untuk memahami perilaku
sosial
Teori yang berasal dari kenyataan dan
menjelaskan kejadian yang ada
Membuat kenyataan bahwa gap antara teori dan
praktik bisa diatasi untuk meningkatkan
pelayanan

Characteristic
Explore basic social process
Linked directly to symbolic interactionism
Combine inductive and deductive
Constant comparative analysis guides data
generation and treatment
Element
Research question: lends focus and clarity what the
phenomenon of interest is; flexibility and freedom to
explore a phenomenon in depth
Sampling: determined by the data generated and
analysis
Researchers role: an integral part of the
investigationmust possess excellent interpersonal
and observational skills, compelling analytical
abilities, and writing skills
Element
Ethical consideration: obtaining informed
consent, maintaining confidentiality, handling
sensitive information
Steps in research process: data generation,
data treatment, data analysis, concept
formation
Data generating
Method: Interview; Field note; Participant
observation; Documents; Journal; Literatures
Concept and categories emerge during data analysis
until is saturated
No limits are set on the number of participants or
data sources
Sampling is theoretical rather than purposeful
Participant selection and data generation sources are
function of the emerging hypothesis

Data treatment
Influenced by researcher preference
Should transcribe and type double-space field
note
Leave at least a 2-inch margin on one side for
coding purpose

Data analysis: generating theory
The discovery of core variable as the fundamental concept for
theory generation
Illuminate the main theme of the actors in the setting
Essential characteristic of the core variable:
1. Recur frequently in the data
2. Links various data
3. Explains much of the variation in all the data
4. Has implication for more general or formal theory
5. As it becomes more detailed, the theory moves forward
6. Permits maximum variation and analysis

Concept formation
The method is circular (process of data
collection, coding, analysis)
1. Coding
2. Examine data line by line
3. Identify processes
4. Conceptualize underlying pattern
Level of coding
1. Look for process
Apply a system of open coding (examine the
data line by line and identify the process of
data)
Called substantive code: use the word
participant (the language of the people or
implicit code constructed by researcher
based on concepts obtained form the data)

Level of coding
2. Categorizing
Constant comparative method and assign data
to cluster or categories, result from the
condensing of level 1 code
The grouping of similar level 1 code
3. Basic Social Psychological Process: Title of
central theme

Concept development
1. Reduction: categories reduction is essential
component determining the primary social
process/core variable
2. Selective sampling of literature: occurs
simultaneously with data analysis
3. Selective sampling of the data: comparison with
data determines under which condition they occur
4. Emerging of the core variable: a category which
account for most of the variation in a pattern of
behaviour
Concept modification and integration
Theoretical coding provides direction to the
process of examining data in theoretical
Memoing preserves the researcher thought
and abstraction related to the emerging
theory