valves

valves
A valve is a device that regulates the flow of a
fluid (gases, liquids, slurries) by opening,
closing, or partially obstructing various
passageways

Introduction
A valve is a mechanical device that controls the flow of
fluid and pressure within a system or process.
A valve controls system or process fluid flow and
pressure by performing any of the
following functions:
Stopping and starting fluid flow
Varying (throttling) the amount of fluid flow
Controlling the direction of fluid flow
Regulating downstream system or process pressure
Relieving component or piping over pressure

This duty may be
STOPPING AND STARTING FLOW
CONTROLING FLOW RATE
DIVERTING FLOW
PREVENTING BACK FLOW
CONTROLING PRESSURE
RELIEVING PRESSURE
TYPE OF VALVES
GATE
GLOBE
BALL
DIAPHRAGM
PLUG
BUTTERFLY
PLUG
PINCH
AND SO MANY
Basic types
All valves can be categorized into the following basic
types:
Ball valve, for on/off control without pressure drop.
Butterfly valve, for flow regulation in large pipe diameters.
Check valve or non-return valve, allows the fluid to pass in
one direction only.
Diaphragm valve, some are sanitary predominantly used in
the pharmaceutical and foodstuff industry.
Gate valve, mainly for on/off control, with low pressure
drop.
Globe valve, good for regulating flow.
Pinch valve, for slurry flow regulation.
Plug valve, slim valve for on/off control but with some
pressure drop.
SELECTION OF VALVES
SIZE OF THE VALVES
RATING OF THE VALVES
HANDLING THE FLUID
TEMP OF THE FLUID
SERVICE (ON / OFF OR CONTROL)
TYPE OF CONNECTION WITH PIPE
VALVE MATERIALS
ETC
GATE VALVES
GLOBE VALVE
Parts
Regardless of type, all valves have the
following basic parts: the body, bonnet,
trim (internal elements), actuator, and
packing. The basic parts of a valve are
illustrated in Figure




Valve Body
The body, sometimes called the shell, is the
primary pressure boundary of a valve. It
serves as the principal element of a valve
assembly because it is the framework that
holds everything together.
It receives inlet and outlet piping through
threaded, bolted, or welded joints.
Valve Bonnet
The bonnet is the second principal
pressure boundary of a valve. It may be
cast or forged
It is connected to the body by a
threaded, bolted, or welded joint
Disk and Seat
The disk provides the capability for permitting
and prohibiting fluid flow. With the disk
closed, full system pressure is applied across
the disk if the outlet side is depressurized.
For this reason, the disk is a pressure-retaining
part. The seat or seal rings provide the seating
surface for the disk.