World Englishes

FACTS ABOUT ENGLISH

One out of five people worldwide speaks English
to some level of competence. Demand from the
other four-fifths is increasing.
There are more than 1.5 billion people living in
countries where English has official status.
By the year 2000 it is estimated that more than
one billion people will be learning English.
In China alone, there are more people starting to
use English in some form than the total
population of the United Kingdom.

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More than two-thirds of the world's scientists
read in English.
Three quarters of the world's mail is written in
English.
Eighty percent of the world's electronically stored
information is in English.
Exporting English textbooks and classes is a huge
business for Britain--more than $1.5 billion a year.
New Delhi has 10 daily newspapers in English.
Linguists say the United States has 11 dialectic
zones. It has been said that in England, the
language changes every 200 miles.

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There are 350 million native English speakers
living in the United States, United Kingdom,
Canada, Australia and New Zealand.
There are 700 million non-native English speakers
in the following countries: Bangladesh, Ghana,
Hong Kong, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Malaysia,
Nigeria, Pakistan, the Philippines, Singapore,
South Africa, Sri Lanka, Tanzania and Zambia.
English is widely taught in the following
countries: China, Egypt, Indonesia, Israel, Japan,
Nepal, Saudi Arabia, the former Soviet Union,
Taiwan and Zimbabwe.

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LEGAL STATUS
Approximately 300 of the world's 6,000
languages enjoy the protection conferred by
some kind of legal status. They are often the
ones that least need it, such as English,
Spanish, Hindi and Arabic--all languages that
have official status in several countries and are
spoken by millions of people.

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The rest of the world's languages are in varying
degrees of trouble. Some have been actively
legislated against, some have lost ground to
officially sanctioned languages and some have
been victims of development. In the United
States, for example, an official policy of
suppressing native languages succeeded in
driving into extinction over three-quarters of
those existing before Christopher Columbus
landed . Today, the Native American Languages
Act encourages the use of the 38 that are still
alive.
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Controversy
In the early 1980s he coined the term and philosophy
for which he is most famous: "world
Englishes," which describes the dispersion of
English across the globe. "The term was
controversial in the beginning," says Marguerite
Courtright, a Kachru student and teaching associate in
the Department of English as an International
Language. There were purists who believed that there
should be only one standard EnglishBritish English.
The rest, they said, were deviant. The concept of world
Englishes allows for varieties in English usage; it allows
for diverse Englishes.
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Controversy
Kachru postulated that there were many
varieties of English molded by the influences
of the different native languages. World
Englishes follow different rules from the
Standard British English ,Courtright explains.
In India, as in most post-colonial nations,
speakers weave both English and the native
language into their conversations without
consciously realizing which language they are
using,says Kachru.
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The Expanding Circle
China Israel Nepal Taiwan
Egypt Japan Saudi USSA
Indonesia Korea Arabia Zimbabwe

The Outer Circle
Bangladesh Singapore Malaysia
Ghana Nigeria Sri Lanka India
Pakistan Tanzania Kenya Philippines
Zambia
The Inner Circle
USA
UK
Canada
Australia
New Zealand
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The Inner Circle
USA: 245,800,000
UK: 57,006,000
Canada: 25,880,000
Australia: 16,470,000
New Zealand: 3,366,000
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The Outer Circle
Bangladesh: 107,756,000
Singapore: 2,641,000
Malaysia: 16,965,000
Ghana: 13,754,000
Nigeria: 112,258,000
Sri Lanka: 16,606,000
India: 810,806,000
Pakistan: 109,434,000
Tanzania: 23,996,000
Kenya: 22,919,000
Philippines: 58,723,000
Zambia: 7,384,000
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The Expanding Circle
China: 1,088,200,000
Israel: 4,512,000
Nepal: 18,004,000
Taiwan: 19,813,000
Egypt: 50,273,000
Japan: 122,620,000
Saudi Arabia: 12,972,000
USSR: 258,796,000
Indonesia: 175,904,000
Korea: 42,593,000
Zimbabwe: 8,878,000
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