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www.huawei.com
Copyright2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
The Principles and Procedures for WCDMA
Radio Network Optimization
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 2
Contents
Brief Introduction
Single Site Verification
Radio Frequency Optimization
Parameters Optimization
Regular Testing & KPI Analysis
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 3
To enhance network performance
--- e.g. coverage/accessibility/mobility

To resolve specific issues
--- e.g. interference/coverage

To improve subscribers QoE
--- e.g. service quality/drop calls

To enhance network stability
--- e.g. traffic increase/upgrade
Network Optimization Target
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 4
Construction phase
Troubleshooting
Booming phase
Optimizing
Mature phase
Balancing
Time
S
u
b
s
.

N
u
m
b
e
r

RF plan review
Single site verification
Pre-launch optimization
KPI
analysis
Complaints DT & CQT
Customized and
differentiated
services
Billing strategies
Drop call
Congestion
Poor quality
Access failure

RF adjustment
Para. adjustment
Maintenance and upgrade
Contingency planning
Network expansion
.
Investment
Return
Commercial
launch
Optimization throughout Life Cycle
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 5
Network Optimization Phases
RF optimization
Y
N
N
Y
Single site verification
80 sites in the
cluster ready?
Service test and
parameter optimization
Routine drive test and
stats. analysis
Acceptance criteria
satisfied?
New site integrated
Optimization
preparation
Acceptance
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 6
Network Optimization Phases
Single site verification
To verify the functionality of new sites
--- e.g. site installation, basic functions of the
cell
RF optimization
To control interference & pilot pollution
To optimize coverage & 3G neighbor lists
Services test & para. optimization
To assess network performance
To optimize network parameters
Regular route testing & stats. analysis
To monitor & evaluate network performance
To identify & solve new network issues
--- e.g. issues caused by traffic increase
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 7
Contents
Brief Introduction
Single Site Verification
Radio Frequency Optimization
Parameters Optimization
Regular Testing & KPI Analysis
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 8
Site Verification Target
To verify cell coverage
CPICH RSCP

To investigate interference
NodeB RTWP & CPICH Ec/Io

To verify site installation
e.g. PA/antenna/feeders issues

To check service function
CS call & PS attach/detach
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 9
Site Verification Items
Cell basic information confirm
Item: frequency, SC, LAC/RAC
Tool: engineering UE
Purpose: basic parameters check

Cell coverage verification
Item: CPICH RSCP
Tool: engineering UE or scanner
Purpose: identify equipment issues
--- e.g. PA, antenna, feeder connection,
etc
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 10
Site Verification Items
Cell interference investigation
Item: NodeB RTWP, CPICH Ec/Io
Tool: NodeB LMT, engineering UE or scanner
Purpose: UL/DL interference investigation

Service function verification
Item: voice (MO/MT), VP (MO/MT)
PS attach/detach, PDP activation
Tool: engineering UE
Purpose: CS/PS service function check
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 11
Contents
Brief Introduction
Single Site Verification
Radio Frequency Optimization
Parameters Optimization
Regular Testing & KPI Analysis
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 12
RF Optimization Target
To optimize coverage

To minimize pilot pollution

To optimize cell dominance

To optimize neighbor cell list

To resolve RF-related drop calls
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 13
RF Optimization Procedure
Drive test
Identify RF issues
Identify candidate
cells for changes
Identify nature of
required changes
Determine amount
of changes
Implement changes
Repeat drive test
Finished
N
Problem resolved?
Y
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 14
RF Parameters Optimization
Engineering parameters adjustment
To adjust antenna down tilt
To adjust antenna azimuth
To adjust antenna location
To adjust antenna height
To replace antenna
To replace site
To add new cell

Radio part parameters adjustment
To optimize neighbor cell list
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 15
CPICH Coverage Optimization
Ways to optimize:
(1)Adjust ant. azimuth or tilt;
(2)Increase ant. height;
(3)Replace high-gain
antenna;
(4)Add new cells;
Ways to optimize:
(1)Adjust ant. azimuth or tilt;
(2)Decrease ant. height;
(3)Adjust CPICH power
Ways to optimize:
(1)UL or DL coverage limited?
(2)Optimize UL or DL
interference
Poor coverage cells


Over shooting cells


UL & DL coverage imbalance
CPICH coverage analysis:
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 16
Poor Coverage: Example
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 17
Cell Dominance Optimization
Cells with no dominance at all
To indicate the site not radiating
or to indicate antennas blocking

Cells with excessive or poor dominance
Due to non-optimum antenna tilts
or due to a high site

Areas of non-dominance
Due to no a single clear dominant cell
Cell dominance analysis:
Site visit
needed
(1) Frequent soft HO
(2) Interference to adjacent cells
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 18
Poor Cell Dominance: Example
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 19
Pilot Pollution Minimization
-62
-64
-66
-68
-69
-81
-90
-85
-80
-75
-70
-65
-60
SC1 SC2 SC3 SC4 SC5 SC6
R
S
C
P

(
d
B
m
)
Active Set Pilot Pollution
Margin
Not
Pilot Pollution
Ways to optimize:
(1) Antenna adjustment
(e.g. azimuth or down tilt)
(2) Pilot power optimization
SHO candidates (A)
Active set size (B)
If A>B, pilot pollution exists
Pilot pollution definition:
Pilot pollution will result in:
(1) low signal quality
(2) decreased system
capacity
(3) Call drops easier
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 20
Pilot Pollution: Example
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 21
Neighbor Cell List Optimization
Data collection: drive test
Data comparison: scanner, UE
How to optimize?
How to optimize neighbor cell
List?
(1)Compare coverage difference
b/w Scanner and UE
(2) Add missing neighbor cells
(3) Remove useless neighbor
cells
Neighbor list classification:
Intra-freq. neighbor cell list
Inter-freq. neighbor cell list
Inter-RAT neighbor cell list
Neighbor cell list influences:
(1) Service Handover (drop
call)
(2) Cell Reselection
Drive test (service test):
Drop calls during moving
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 22
RF-related Drop Calls
Poor coverage
High interference
Poor UL coverage
Poor dominance
Pilot pollution
Missing neighbors
Problems
Fast change of RF conditions usually
causes drop calls, e.g. turning a corner.
Poor RSCP & Ec/Io
Poor Ec/Io or RTWP
UE max Tx power
many SHO events
many cells present
Appearance
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 23
RF-related Drop Calls: Case 1
RF-related drop calls
Call drop
RSCP & Ec/Io degrades
BOTH for scanner and UE
Check for coverage problems
Path Loss
CPICH Ec/Io
RSSI
RSCP
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 24
RF-related drop calls
Call drop
Ec/Io & RSCP degrades for UE ONLY
while scanner shows no degradation
UE camp on new cell after drop but
UE didnot measure the cell before drop
Check the neighbor cell list
RF-related drop calls: Case 2
Path Loss
CPICH Ec/Io
RSSI
RSCP
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 25
Call drop
Too many and too quick
changes of best server
UE to perform measurements
and SHO in time difficultly
PingPong handover, need to
improve cell dominance
RF-related drop calls
RF-related Drop Calls: Case 3
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 26
Contents
Brief Introduction
Single Site Verification
Radio Frequency Optimization
Parameters Optimization
Regular Testing & KPI Analysis
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 27
Para. Optimization Target
To reduce access failures

To reduce drop calls

To enhance service quality
Para. optimization
is an important step
after RF optimization
Service quality and network resources utilization
will be improved after para. optimization
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 28
Parameters to be Optimized
CCCH power allocation para.

RL maximum power para.

Cell re-selection para.

Intra-freq. handover para.

Inter-RAT handover para.

Power control para.

Access power para.

Other related para.
The influence caused by the
cell parameters adjustment
should be analyzed carefully.
Seldom
adjusted
An effective way to
reduce drop calls
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Copyright2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved. 29 / n
www.huawei.com

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