Speaking To Persuade

PREVIEW
Speaking to Persuade
Persuasion Defined
Motivating Your Audience
Selecting and Narrowing Your
Persuasive Presentation Topic
Organizing Your Persuasive Messages
Strategies for Persuading Your Audience
How to Adjust Ideas to People and
People to Ideas
Persuasion Defined
Persuasion is the process of attempting to
change or reinforce attitudes, beliefs, values,
or behavior.
The persuasive speaker invites listener to
make a choice, rather than just offering
information about the options.
The persuasive speaker asks the audience to
respond thoughtfully to the information
presented.
The persuasive speaker intentionally tries to
change or reinforce the listeners feelings,
ideas, or behavior.
Motivating Your Audience
Motivating with dissonance
Cognitive dissonance occurs when you are presented
with information that is inconsistent with your current
thinking or feelings.
Motivating with needs
Maslows Hierarchy
Physiological
Safety
Social
Self esteem
Self-actualization
Motivating Your Audience
Motivating with Fear Appeals
Threat to family members
Credibility of speaker
Perceived realness of the threat
Motivating with Positive Appeals
Promising that good things will happen
if the speakers advice is followed.
Selecting and Narrowing Your
Persuasive Topic
Who is the Audience?
What is the Occasion?
What are my interests and experiences?
Brainstorming
Scanning Web Directories and Web
Pages
Listening and Reading for Topic Ideas
Identifying Your
Persuasive Purpose
General Purpose
Persuade
Specific Purpose
Attitude (learned
predisposition to respond
favorably or unfavorably)
Belief (sense of what is
true or false)
Values (enduring
conception of right and
wrong)
Developing Your Central Idea as
a Persuasive Proposition
A proposition is a statement with which the
speaker wants their audience to agree.
Proposition of Fact
True/False
Proposition of Value
Judge worth or importance of something
Proposition of Policy
Advocates specific action, includes should
Strategies for
Persuading Your Audience
Ethos: Establishing
Your Credibility
An audiences
perception of the
speakers competence,
trustworthiness,
dynamism
Charisma
Initial, derived, terminal
Pronounced: (Zer Vesel)
Strategies for
Persuading Your Audience
Logos: Using Evidence and Reasoning
Proof consists of both evidence and the conclusions
you draw (reasoning)
Inductive reasoning
Arrives at a general conclusion from specific instances
Reasoning by analogy
Deductive reasoning
Reasoning from a general statement to reach a specific
conclusion
Causal reasoning
Relate two or more events in such a way as to conclude
that one or more of the events caused the others
Logical Fallacies
Causal Fallacy
Bandwagon Fallacy
Either-Or Fallacy
Hasty Generalization
Personal Attack
Red Herring
Appeal to Misplaced Authority
Non Sequitur
Strategies for
Persuading Your Audience
Pathos: Using Emotion
Emotion-arousing verbal messages
Concrete illustrations and descriptions
Nonverbal messages
Organizing Your
Persuasive Messages
Problem and Solution
Cause and Effect
Refutation
An organizational strategy by which you
identify objections to your proposition and
refute them with arguments and evidence
Organizing Your
Persuasive Messages
Monroes Motivated Sequence
Attention
Need
Satisfaction
Visualization (positive and negative)
action
How to Adapt Ideas to People
and People to Ideas
The Receptive Audience
Identify with your audience
Be overt in stating your speaking
objective
Use emotional appeal
The Neutral Audience
hook them with introduction
Refer to universal beliefs and
concerns
Show how the topic affects them
Be realistic
How to Adjust Ideas to People
and People to Ideas
The Unreceptive Audience
Dont immediately announce your persuasive
purpose
Advance your strongest arguments first
Acknowledge opposing points of view
Be realistic
Appendix B Sample Speech
Persuasive Example:
Prosecutorial Abuse

Prosecutorial Abuse
Example Persuasive Speech
Intro
Attention Getter
Propositional Statement
Preview of all main
points
Transition
Body
Need/Problem
Point One
Evidence
Transition

Point Two
Evidence
Transition
Point Three
Evidence
Transition

Conclusion
Restate Proposition
Call to action
Review of main points
Restate Attention-getter
What questions do you have?
Homework:
1.) Reading?
2.) Turn in assignments?