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|
=
=
n
j
ij i
y
n
N S
1
2
1
log 10 /
Maximizing performance
characteristic |
|
.
|
\
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=
=
n
j
ij
i
y n
N S
1
2
1 1
log 10 /
Inner Array design parameter matrix
Outer Array noise factor matrix
Minimizing performance
characteristic
Processing the Results (2 of 2)
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E
x
p
e
r
i
m
e
n
t
N
u
m
b
e
r
Design Parameters
S
i
g
n
a
l
-
t
o
-
N
o
i
s
e
(
S
/
N
)
Isolate the instances of each design parameter at each
level and average the corresponding S/N values.
X
1
X
2
X
3
X
4
1 1 1 1 1 S/N
1
2 1 2 2 2 S/N
2
3 1 3 3 3 S/N
3
4 2 1 2 3 S/N
4
5 2 2 3 1 S/N
5
6 2 3 1 2 S/N
6
7 3 1 3 2 S/N
7
8 3 2 1 3 S/N
8
9 3 3 2 1 S/N
9
X
2
is at level 1 in
experiments 1, 4, & 7
3
/ / /
/
7 4 1
) 1 (
1
N S N S N S
N S Avg
T
+ +
=
Visualizing the Results
13
Plot average S/N for each design parameter
ALWAYS aim to maximize S/N
In this example, these are the best cases.
Robust Design Example
14
Compressed-air cooling system example
Example 12.6 from Engineering Design, 3
rd
Ed., by G.E. Dieter
(Robust-design_Dieter-chapter.pdf)
Pareto Plots and the 80/20 Rule
15
20% of the variables in any given system control 80% of the variability in
the dependent variable (in this case, the performance characteristic).
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
X1
X2
X3
X4
X5
X6
X7
X8
X9
X10
Cumulative effect
Individual design parameter effects
20% of the variables
80% of the variability in
the dependent variable
Limitations of Taguchi Method
Inner and outer array structure assumes no interaction
between design parameters and noise factors
Only working towards one attribute
Assumes continuous functions
16
More sophisticated DOEs and analysis methods
may be used to deal with many of these issues.
You can easily spend a whole
class on each of these topics
ORI 390R-6: Regression and Analysis of Variance
ORI 390R-10: Statistical Design of Experiments
ORI 390R-12: Multivariate Statistical Analysis
Conclusions
Decisions made early in the design process cost very little in
terms of the overall product cost but have a major effect on
the cost of the product
Quality cannot be built into a product unless it is designed
into it in the beginning
Robust design methodologies provide a way for the designer
to develop a system that is (relatively) insensitive variations
17