IC ENGINES

Types of IC Engines

According to the basic engine design
1. Reciprocating engine
2. Rotary engine
According to method of ignition
1. Spark ignition engine
2. Compression ignition engine
According to the number of strokes per cycle
1. Two stroke
2. Four stroke
3. Six stroke
According to the type of fuel
1. Petrol engine
2. Diesel engine
3. Gas engine
According to the cycle of operation
1. Otto cycle engine
2. Diesel cycle engine
3. Dual cycle engine
According to the number of cylinders
1. Single cylinder
2. Multi cylinder


According to the arrangement of the cylinder
1. Horizontal engine
2. Vertical engine
3. V-shaped engine
4. Radial engine
5. W-shaped engine
According to the method of cooling
1. Air cooled engine
2. Water cooled engine

Spark Ignition

The combustion process of the air-fuel mixture is
ignited by a spark from a spark plug and fuel is burnt
in the combustion chamber.
It uses Petrol as fuel.
It has compression ratio of
Compression Ignition

It uses the heat of compression to initiate ignition and
burn the fuel that has been injected into the
combustion chamber.
It uses Diesel as fuel.
It has compression ratio of
Engine Balancing

For complete balancing we have to Balance -

Rotating Mass
Reciprocating Mass
Firing Forces



Spark Plug
It is a device for delivering electric current from an
ignition system to the combustion chamber of a
spark-ignition engine to ignite the compressed fuel/air
mixture by an electric spark, while containing
combustion pressure within the engine.
Carburetor
It is a device that blends air and fuel for an internal
combustion engine.
Carburetors have five different circuits

Main circuit - Provides just enough fuel for fuel-
efficient cruising.
Idle circuit - Provides just enough fuel to keep the
engine idling.
Accelerator pump - Provides an extra burst of fuel
when the accelerator pedal is first depressed, reducing
hesitation before the engine speeds up.
Power enrichment circuit - Provides extra fuel when
the car is going up a hill or towing a trailer.
Choke - Provides extra fuel when the engine is cold
so that it will start.

Fuel Injector
It is a device used for mixing fuel with air in an
internal combustion engine.
Valves

There are 2 type of valves - a) Inlet Valve
b) Exhaust Valve
The valve which allows mixture into the cylinder is
the inlet valve; the one through which the spent gases
escape is the exhaust valve.
They are designed to open and close at precise
moments, to allow the engine to run efficiently at all
speeds.
Valve Timing - the valve timing is the precise timing
of the opening and closing of the valves.
The 4-stroke cycle
1 = TDC
2 = BDC
A: Intake
B: Compression
C: Power
D: Exhaust
Valve Train - It is a device that controls the operation
of the valves, in which a sequence of components
transmits motion throughout the assembly. A
traditional reciprocating internal combustion engine
uses valves to control air and fuel flow into and out of
the cylinders, facilitating combustion.



Engine Cooling
Air Cooling

Oil Cooling

Water Cooling
Turbochargers - A turbocharger is a supercharger that
is driven by the engine's exhaust gases, by means of a
turbine. It consists of a two piece, high-speed turbine
assembly with one side that compresses the intake air,
and the other side that is powered by the exhaust gas
outflow.
Superchargers - It is a type of air compression device
powered by the engine crankshaft. It is a way of
increasing engine power by forcing more air into the
cylinder so that more power can be produced from
each power stroke.