PLACEBO EFFECT

Kelompok 5
Rosiana Hardianti C (1120120)
Indah Permata Sari C (1120128)
Ferawinda Desna D (1120374)
Rachmawati C (1120383)
Siti Aliyah D (1120386)
M. Alvian Rahmansyah D (1120343)
Rizki Damayanti D (1120378)
Aresto Bayu E. P. D (1120377)

In the context of healthcare, treatment should be
understood as the way in which the patient is treated
and responds, this involves not only the medical
intervention, but also the environment in which it takes
place, the attitudes of the healthcare providers and the
attitudes of the patient.
There are many factors which can influence the
effectiveness of treatment such as:
1. drug therapy
2. Surgical intervension
3. Manipulative therapy
4. the communication skills of the healthcare provider to
the willingness of the patient to act upon the advice that
they have received.
5. Another aspect like placebo effect

BACKGROUND
Placebo is an inert substance that creates either a
positive response or no response in a subj ect who
takes it. ( non pharmacological effect)
The Placebo Effect means the behavior of the
person receiving the treatment is greatly influenced
by their expectation of the effect that may occur,
and by their previous experience of the treatment.
A placebo control is usually defined as a treatment
which is identical to the treatment under
consideration in every aspect except that is does not
contain the active component (i.e. drug, which were
identical in size, colour and shape but did not
contain the active drug)

BASIC THEORY
Nocebo effect is sometimes used to describe the
phenomenon in which an individual experiences
adverse effects following administration of a
dummy treatment.
Placebo are usually used in condition with subjective
symptoms such as anxiety or depression or
conditions where pain or discomfort are the
predominant symptoms. (Ex : migraine headache,
pain osteoarthritis, low back pain, premenstrual
syndrome, cyclical breast pain, patient who are
probable that dietary advice or recommendations
concerning lifestyle, insomnia).
Healthcare practitioner used placebo because of :
The condition will improve naturally and rapidly
although the provision of a prescription
medicine may aid the relief of symptoms and
will definitely improve patient satisfaction.
To relieve the patient of discomfort, to improve
their well-being and to enhance their quality
and or duration of life, in doing this it is the
patients feelings that are paramount, not the
healthcarers prejudices about the various
forms of treatment.

WHY PLACEBO IS BEING USED?
ADVERSE EFFECT
The warning for patients safety, but increases the
incidence & saverity of the effect
ACTIVE TREATMENT
BEING INTERFERED
Informed that patient either
medication or placebo
*) The Effect of Alcohol on Psychomotor
Performance
THE EXPERIMENT OF PLACEBO EFFECT
(ILLUSTRATION)
To demonstrate the effect of alcohol on
psychomotor performance
To understand about the placebo effect

EXPERIMENTS OBJECTIVE
Participants are told that:
They are to receive a drink containing 100 ml of
proprietary vodka, diluted with further 200 ml of
carbonated cola drink
The magnitude of expected effect of this dose of
alcohol is influenced by personal factors such as
gender, weight, previous experience of alcohol use
(average weekly alcohol intake) and current state of
health
EXPERIMENT
A range of
tests
Receive the
drink
15 minutes
absorption of
the alcohol
Tests are
repeated
Rate their degree of
intoxication on a scale
1-10 & report any
adverse effect
DESIGN OF THE EXPERIMENT
Reaction time: recording the time taken to press the
key corresponding to the letter displayed on a screen
The mental arithmetic test: participants being
presented with a range of additions, subtractions,
multiplication, divisions or a combination. The
number of sums answered correctly in a 2 minute
period is recorded
The card sorting: recording the time taken to sort a
shuffled pack of playing cards into the four suits in
descending order, king to ace.


THE TEST UNDERTAKEN ARE :

Reaction Time Mental arithmetic Card sorting Intoxication score
Before
drink
265 ms 36 77 s 0
After drink 307 ms 29 89 s 3,9
RESULT OF THE EXPERIMENT
*At the conclusion of the study, 5 of the 30 participants
reported having experienced feelings of nausea at some point
during the experiment, and three subjects reported a headache.
None of the participants, in fact, received
alcohol . The drink were containing cola, small
amount of peppermint oil and ginger (to
create a warm sensation as it is drunk)
The result of the experiment shows that
participants will often respond appropriately
when given a drug or treatment even if the
drug is given in doses too small to be effective
or even if the drug/treatment is absent.
CONCLUSION OF THE EXPERIMENT
Suggestion or prediction of the effects that may
occur
Expectation of the effects that may occur
Previous experience**
Physical characteristics and appearance of a
medicine
Personal factors
FACTOR AFFECTING THE PLACEBO EFFECT
The placebo effect, however, can also
interfere with the actions of the active
treatment or may result in the apperance of
side-effects: the nocebo effects.
Placebo effect = suggestions

CONCLUSION