By

Group 6
Amulya M 12066
Prithiv Prasad C 12078
Mythri H N 12090
Sandeep Haneefa 12102
Syam Thomas 12114

Robotics: The branch of technology that deals with the design,
construction, operation, and application of robots
Robot comes from the Czech word robota, meaning drudgery or
slave-like labor.
A robot is
A machine capable of carrying out a complex series of actions
automatically
A machine resembling a human being and able to replicate certain
human movements and functions
Some robots require some degree of guidance, which may be done
using
A remote control
With a computer interface
Artificial intelligence
Robotics and Robots

Father of Robotics: George Charles Devol .
1954: First industrial robot, The Unimate
1961:General Motors installed the Unimate for die casting
handling and spot welding
1963:Six-jointed Rancho Arm was created to assist
handicapped.
1968:Tentacle arm with 12 joints to lift a person was designed
by Marvin Minsky
1969:Stanford Arm - The first electronically powered,
computer-controlled arms
1974:Silver Arm was created by MIT's David Silver to perform
precise assembly using touch and pressure sensors and a
microcomputer


History

Greater accuracy, precision and consistency
Improved product quality, productivity and manufacturing cost
cuts
No more dull, hazardous or taxing tasks for workers
Robots can handle
Toxic substances
Repetitive and detail-driven jobs
Lifting, carrying and selecting products without tiring or stopping.
Return on investment (ROI) for an industrial robot is substantial
and quick.
Robots are tireless and faster
Prevents accidents
Why use Robots?


Robot Architecture

Controller
Brain of the robot
Runs on a set of instructions written in code
Robot Arms
Vary in size and shape
Have joints which give the robot three degrees of freedom
Up and Down
Left and Right
Forward and Backward
Basic components used

End Effector
Connected to the robot arm
Functions as a hand
Variations in an effector:
Gripper
Vacuum pump
Magnets
Welding Torches
Drive
Engine or Motor that moves the links or joints
Different types:
Hydraulic
Pneumatic
Electric

Basic Components Used(Cont.)

Sensors
Can give a limited sense of sight and sound
Collects information and sends it electronically to the
controller
Vision sensors allow a pick and place robot to
differentiate between items
Prevent two robots bumping into each other
Assist end effectors by adjusting part variances

Basic Components Used(Cont.)

Aerospace
Automotive manufacturing and supply
Chemical, rubber and plastics manufacturing
Electrical and electronics
Entertainment-movie making
Food stuff and beverage manufacturing
Glass, ceramics and mineral production
Printing
Wood and furniture manufacturing
Robots in Manufacturing

Handling dangerous materials
Cutting and polishing
Pick and Place Operations
Assembling products
Spot and Electric Arc Welding
Spraying finishes
Inspecting parts, produce, and
livestock



Tasks of Robots in Manufacturing
A Welding Robot

Programmed by
Guiding
Manual guiding of a robot from point to point through the phases of an
operation
Off-line programming
Points of an operation are defined through computer commands
Referred to as manipulator level off-line programming
Can be programmed to move through a specified continuous path also
Eg: Continuous path control- spray painting or arc welding a curved joint
A robot should be synchronized with the automated machine tools or
other robots with which it is working
Robot control systems are thus interfaced with a centralized control
system.
How are robots Programmed?


A program written, should consist of the following:
The path , robot should follow
The points it should reach
Details about how to interpret the sensor data
How and when the end-effectors should be activated
How to move parts between given locations

Essentials of a Program

1
st
Robot Language: VAL (Variable Assembly Language)-
used in Unimate Robots
Visual Programming Languages
Eg: LabVIEW
Programs are constructed by dragging icons into the
program area and adding or inserting into the sequence
For each icon, parameters are then specified(Data)
The program is then downloaded on a micro-controller for
testing
Scripting Languages
Eg: RoboLogix
High-level programming language used to control a
software application
Is interpreted in real-time, or "translated on the fly", instead
of being compiled in advance

Programming Languages Used

Today's robots:
Are not creative or innovative
Can not think independently
Can not make complicated decisions
Can not learn from mistakes
Can not adapt quickly to changes in their
surroundings
Every successful business must depend on real people
for these abilities.

Limitations of Robots




Bundles and stacks
boxes onto pallets for
storage and shipment

Palletizer




Automated Paint
Spraying
Robotic Sprayer

Robotics has enhanced the productivity of many
manufacturing industries.
But still, the question remains if justice is being done
to the human population as robots are taking over
their jobs.
Integrating Robotics with Human power is the only
feasible solution available.

Conclusion
Car Making in BMW