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Power Supply Unit (PSU)

Apor_Solera_Yutiu
It converts main AC to
low-voltage regulated
DC power for the internal
components of a computer.
Voltage of the PSU
Voltage of the PSU
The PSU normally supplies +3.3 V, +5 V, and +12 V
to the system. These voltages are often called
rails, referring to the fact that although there are
multiple wires carrying a specific voltage, they
are normally tied to a single rail (or tap) in the
PSU.
Voltage Rail Usage in a PC
Rail

Devices Powered

+3.3 V

Chipsets, some DIMMs, PCI/AGP/PCIe
cards, miscellaneous chips

+5 V
Disk drive logic, low-voltage motors,
SIMMs, PCI/AGP/ISA cards, voltage
+12 V

Motors, high-output voltage regulators,
AGP/PCIe cards
SIMM = Single Inline Memory Module
DIMM = Dual Inline Memory Module
PCI = Peripheral Component Interconnect
PCIe = PCI Express
AGP = Accellerated Graphics Port
ISA = Industry Standard Architecture
Problems with the PSU
Problems with the PSU
'Blue Screen of Death' (BSoD). This is due to cheap
PSUs not being able to supply sufficient power to
the components.
Dust build-up. Symptoms are usually intermittent,
and include unexpected reboots, startup failures,
USB device failures, and hard-disk or memory
errors.
Insufficient supply of power.

Other Problems
Any power-on or system startup failures or lockups
Spontaneous rebooting or intermittent lockups during normal operation
Intermittent parity check or other memory-type errors
Hard disk and fan simultaneously failing to spin (no +12 V)
Overheating due to fan failure
Small brownouts that cause the system to reset
Electric shocks felt on the system case or connectors
Slight static discharges that disrupt system operation
Erratic recognition of bus-powered USB peripherals
Diagnosing a Failed PC Power Supply
Make sure that everything is plugged in.
Hit the power button.
Look at when your computer boots up.
Check for beeps.
Observe any computer failures.
Check the fan in your computer.
Importance of Surge Protection and
Battery Backup
Importance of Surge Protection and
Battery Backup
Power surges occur when something boosts the
electrical charge at some point in the power lines.
This causes an increase in the electrical potential
energy, which can increase the current flowing to
your wall outlet.
Power surges, if high enough, can cause wear and
tear on electronic devices, or in severe cases even
destroy them.

Surge Protection
The surge protector detects excess
voltage and divert the extra electricity into
the grounding wire.
Sources of Power Surges
The most familiar source is probably lightning, though it's
actually one of the least common causes.

The main culprit of electrical
surges? Electrical devices that require lots of power to operate.
Battery Backup
Surge protectors cover only one of the two
common types of damaging power conditions, while
an uninterruptible power supply can cover both.
Aside from surges, it is heavily advised you DO
NOT lose power while using your PC.
Why is preventing your computer from losing
power important? There are several reasons:

Battery Backup
A sudden power loss can corrupt your Windows
installation, resulting in the computer refusing to
boot up again without a visit to the repair shop.
Brownouts and power losses can weaken the internal
components of your computer or damage them
outright, again resulting in a trip to the repair shop.
If your computer shuts down unexpectedly while
youre using it youll lose any unsaved work, which
can be a huge loss if youve been working on an
important project for an hour or two.
Battery Backup
Surge protectors cover only one of the two
common types of damaging power conditions, while
an uninterruptible power supply can cover both.
Uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), or battery
backups, have a battery built in that can help
bolster your voltage supply during under-voltage
scenarios, as well as cut your electronics off from
outlet power during a surge or spike.


References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_supply_unit_%28computer%29
http://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/power-supply-specifications-atx-
reference,3061-2.html
http://www.pcadvisor.co.uk/how-to/pc-components/3432554/problems-with-
pc-heres-how-check-your-power-supply/
http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/everyday-tech/surge-protector3.htm
http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/do-you-really-need-a-surge-protector/
http://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/power-supply-protection-calculate-
consumption,3066-5.html
http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2011/05/video-ask-ars-why-should-i-get-a-
battery-backup-and-how-do-i-pick-one/

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