Module 2 - Input Devices

PC Hardware Advanced Guide

PC Hardware Advanced Guide
Module 2 Input Devices
Module 2 - Input Devices
PC Hardware Advanced Guide
2
Module 2 Input Devices
Overview

Input devices are used to accept data and commands
from the user and send it to the processor for processing.
Keyboard is a character input device.
Mouse is a handheld pointing device. Scanner takes its
input in graphical form.

Lesson Covered in this Module

Keyboards
Mouse
Other Pointing Devices

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Lesson 1 - Keyboards
Introduction

Keyboard is a character input device which enables the
user to provide input to the computer for processing.

The keys available in the computer keyboard can be
classified as
Alphanumeric Keys
Punctuation Keys
Special Keys

The keyboard also has LEDS for Caps Lock, NumLock and
the Scroll Lock to indicate the status


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Lesson 1 - Keyboards
Topics Covered in this Lesson

Layouts of Keyboard
Keyboard Interfaces
Working of Keyboard
Keyboard Switches
Terms used in Keyboard
Keyboard Troubleshooting
Software Issues related to the Keyboard
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Topic 1 - Layouts of Keyboard

83 Key PC/XT Keyboard

Introduced with the IBM PC
Integrated as a part of the
system unit

84 Key AT Keyboard

Sys Req is included in this
layout.
The numbers are kept
separately.
LEDs are introduced
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Topic 1 - Layouts of Keyboard
Enhanced AT 101-key
Keyboard
The cursor and navigation
keys are present at the
right side.
The second ALT and the
CTRL keys were
introduced.
The position of the <Esc>
and the <Caps Lock> has
been changed.

Windows 104 key
Keyboard
Windows Key are at the
either side of the space
bar key.

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Topic 2 - Keyboard Interfaces
The signals used by the
keyboard

Data The data sent by
the keyboard circuit when
you press a key.

Clock It is sent to
synchronize the data
signals

Power supply uses +5 V
DC power supply

Ground- Provides Signal
ground for the interface

Pin # 5-pin DIN
Connector
1 Keyboard Clock
2 Keyboard Data
3 (not connected)
4 Ground
5 Power (+5V)
6 --
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Topic 2 - Keyboard Interfaces
6 Pin PS/2 Connector
It has an interface to
connect both mouse and
the keyboard.





Universal Serial Bus (USB)
Keyboard
It is connected to the USB
port.
It is stackable and
swappable

IrDA Interface
It uses the Infra red rays for
transmitting the signals.

Pin No Pin Name
1 Keyboard-Data
2 --
3 GND
4 VCC
5 Mouse-Clock
6 --
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Topic 3 - Working of Keyboard
It requires a lot of hardware circuits.
The large keyboards are using the matrix organization.
The keys output is connected to the electronics circuits.
Keys are organized in rows and columns.
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Topic 3 - Working of Keyboard
Encoding is performed in matrix keyboard, by using
scanning technique.
The method uses row as inputs to the matrix and the
column as the outputs from the matrix.
To scan the matrix, a scan counter is used.
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Topic 3 - Working of Keyboard
Keyboard Microprocessor

The microprocessor present inside the keyboard is
responsible for identifying the key press
It exchanges the information between the host systems.

Functions performed by the keyboard controller

Scanning the keyswitch matrix
Identifying a key press
Debouncing

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Topic 4 - Keyboard Switches
Rubber Dome Switches

It has a small flexible rubber domes and a hard carbon
center beneath them.
They are resistant to corrosion
The rubber layer protects the key matrix

Metal Contact Switches

If a key is pressed the two plates come in contact with
each other.
The circuit is physically closed and the key press is
detected.
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Topic 4 - Keyboard Switches
Membrane Switches

A membrane is used as a flat sheet and the printed
pattern is present in the membrane.

Foam Contact Switches

A small piece of sponge is made available between the
bottom of the plunger and the metal strip.

Hall-effect Keyboard

The moving of the magnet is detected by the solid state
Hall-effect sensor.
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Topic 5 - Terms used in Keyboards
Typematic Delay

It is the time duration for which the key should remain
pressed before it is repeated.

Typematic Rate

If the keyboard pressed for more than 0.5 s, it will send
the scancode of a key continually.
This is termed as Typematic.
The typematic rate is 10 times per second.

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Topic 5 - Terms used in Keyboards
Language Setting

Click on Start, Settings,
Control panel, Keyboard
and Language (or Input
Locales)

Make and Break Codes

The keyboard
microprocessor produces
a make scancode related
to the key when it is
pressed.

Then it produces a break
scancode related to the
same key.
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Topic 5 - Terms used in Keyboards
N-Key Rollover
If 4 keys are pressed simultaneously, all the 4 characters
displayed correctly.

Key Debouncing
Here, it uses hardware or a software which makes sure
that a signal is generated only once when a key is
pressed once.

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Topic 6 - Keyboard Troubleshooting
Problem Solution
Arrow Keys type
numbers and vice versa
Check if the NumLock LED is
glowing.
A beep sound is heard
from the keyboard or the
PC
Check if any key is pressed for a
long time.
The system does not
respond when you press
Alt+Ctrl+Del key
simultaneously
The problem may be due to a
software bug or trapping the keys
by the Operating system.
Liquid is spilled in the
Keyboard
Switch off the computer and turn
the keyboard upside down and dry
the keyboard.
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Topic 7 - Software Issues related to the Keyboard
DOS Keyboard Controls

DOS named keyboard and monitor, combined as "CON:"

When you take input from "CON:" it comes from the
keyboard.

MODE" command is used for changing settings for many
different system devices.
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Topic 7 - Software Issues related to the Keyboard
Typematic Features (Repeat Delay and Repeat Rate)

The ability to have a stream of character codes that are
automatically generated when you hold down a key for a
period of time.

The typematic feature

Repeat Delay: This is the length of time that a key must be held
down before the typematic feature is activated.

Repeat Rate: This sets the frequency with which characters will
be sent once the typematic feature is activated.

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Lesson 2 - Mouse
Introduction

Mouse is a handheld pointing device which is used to
provide input signals to the computer.
Mouse is used to move the cursor to the desired location
And to activate the needed menu to perform the
operation easily.

Topics Covered in this Lesson

Classification of Mouse
Different Mouse Interfaces
Configuring the Mouse
Cleaning a Mouse
Error and Troubleshooting

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Topic 1 - Classification of Mouse
Mechanical Mouse

It comprises of a ball on
the underside and is
operated on a flat surface.


Opto-Mechancial Mouse

It uses the optical sensor to
detect the position of the
cursor on the screen.
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Topic 1 - Classification of Mouse
Optical Mouse
It uses laser to detect
the movement of the
mouse.



Wireless Mouse
It need not be
connected physically
to the computer.

Technique used by this
Mouse is infra red port
and radio frequency
waves.
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Topic 1 - Classification of Mouse
Ergonomic Mouse
It helps the people with
disabilities.

Wheel Mouse
It is a two button mouse
with a scroll in the middle.

Trackball
The ball is kept inside a
socket

Touch Pad
It is used in portable
computers instead of
mouse.
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Topic 2 - Different Mouse Interfaces
Serial Mouse Interface

It is used to connect
the serial devices to
the computer.

It is a 9 pin D type
female connector on
the mouse side.



Bus Mouse.

It connects to a
computer through an
expansion card.
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Topic 2 - Different Mouse Interfaces
PS/2 Port

It is connecting keyboards and mouse.
It is a 6 pin mini DIN port.





IrDA Interface

Infra red interface is used to transfer the signals wireless
using infra red rays.
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Topic 3 - Configuring Mouse
The mouse should be first
connected to the system
before configuring it.

A USB mouse should
connected to the USB port.


A PS/2 mouse should
connected to the PS/2
Port.
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Topic 3 - Configuring Mouse
Installing device driver from a Compact Disk

Click StartSettings Control PanelAdd/ Remove Hardware
option

Follow the instructions as given by the Add new Hardware
Wizard

Open My Computer and open the CD containing the driver

Select the setup.exe file and follow the instructions.

The installation will be successfully completed

check the Device Manager. It should display as the device is
functioning properly

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Topic 4 - Cleaning the Mouse
Rotate and remove
the ring that is present
in the center of the
mouse.

Remove the mouse
ball from inside the
mouse.

Clean the mouse ball

Use cotton swab
which is dipped in a
chemical by name
Isopropyl Alcohol


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Topic 5 - Troubleshooting Mouse
Problem Solution
Mouse is not moving
properly.
Clean the Mouse
Mouse not being
detected
The drivers may not installed
properly or there is some
conflict with the hardware
settings.
Mouse pointer moves on
the screen randomly
without any intervention
of the user.
If the mouse is placed in a very
bright area there are chances
of stray light entering in to the
case or the gaps in between
the buttons.
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Lesson 3 - Other Input Devices
Introduction

Pointing devices are available in many forms such as foot
mouse, standard computer mouse, mouse keypad, light
pen, joystick, touchpad, touch screen, and trackball.

Topics Covered in this Lesson

Bar code reader
Touch screen
Light pen
Biometric devices
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Topic 1 Bar code reader
Bar code reader

The device which decodes this printed symbol of bars
and spaces is called a bar code reader.

Bar code can be used as a very inexpensive method of
encoding the information.

It has a high degree of accuracy and speed.

The four types of Bar code readers are
Pen type readers
Laser type reader
CCD reader
Camera based reader

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Topic 2 - Touch screen
The major components are touch sensor, a controller,
and a software driver.

Touch Sensor
Controller
Software Driver




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Topic 2 - Touch screen
Touch pens as input device

All the touch screens are working like a mouse.

The touch screen imitates the mouse functions

if the software driver for the touch screen is installed. The
screen can be tapped twice to perform the double-click.

At the same time you can also drag your finger across
the touch screen to perform drag and drop function.

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Topic 3 - Light pen
It is shaped like a pen.
It uses a light sensitive pen instead of finger.
The tip of the Lightpen has a light sensitive aspect.
It will work with any CRT based monitor.
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Topic 3 - Light pen
Advantages of Light pen Vs Touch Screen

Advantages Light pen Touch screen
Economy It is less expensive. It is expensive.
Flexibility In any screen size light
pen can be used.
It is not possible in Touch
screen.
Higher
Resolution
It gives more
accurate
communication
between the user and
the system.
If the touch screen is old,
it will move the active
area away from the
display image.
Portability It is portable It requires more difficult
and complex set-up
procedures to move.
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Topic 4 Biometric devices
Biometric devices

Biometric devices can
be used as input to a
computer.

It is like a fingerprint
scanner can be used for
additional level of
security.

It can also be
programmed to verify a
persons identity
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Topic 4 Biometric devices
Multimedia input devices

Multimedia is the combination of sound and images with
text and graphics.

To capture sound and image data we need to use some
special input devices.

The other multimedia input device is Web/digital
cameras.

Digital cameras record photographs in the form of digital
data, which can be stored on a computer.


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Topic 4 Biometric devices
Multi media input devices

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Conclusion
The keyboards can be classified according to their layout as
83 key PC/XT keyboard
84 Key AT keyboard
Enhanced AT 101 key Keyboard
Windows 104 key Keyboard

Mouse can be classified in to four types namely
Mechanical Mouse
Optomechanical Mouse
Optical Mouse
Wireless Mouse

Flatbed scanners are the most flexible and popular format.

Light pen cannot work with LCD screens and projectors.

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Conclusion
The device which decodes this printed symbol of bars
and spaces is called a bar code reader

Biometric devices can be used as input to a computer.

A biometric device like a fingerprint scanner can be
used for additional level of security.