Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
max
= V(0.5A)(d/4)
(bd
3
/12)b
=1.5 V/A
Shear in a timber beam
V
r
= F
v
2/3 A K
Zv
where = 0.9
and F
v
= f
v
(K
D
K
H
K
Sv
K
T
)
v(max)
= 1.5
v(avg)
= 1.5 V / A
v(max)
v(avg)
A
s
UNBC
Prince George, BC
Shear failures
One of the very weak properties of wood
Shrinkage cracks often occur at the ends of
beams in the zone of maximum shear stress
Direct compression
transfer of loads in
the end zones
reduces the total
shear force to be
carried.
45
o
critical
section
This part of the
load transferred in
direct
compression
Shear design of glulam beams
A simple approach for beams where the
volume < 2.0 m
3
:
V
r
= F
v
2/3 A K
N
where = 0.9
and F
v
= f
v
(K
D
K
H
K
Sv
K
T
)
K
N
= notch factor (see next section)
For larger beams this is usually quite
conservative and a more sophisticated
approach is used (see clause 6.5.7.3)
Notch factor for Glulam beams
d
n
d
n
d
e
K
N
= ( 1 d
n
/d )
2
For e > d :
K
N
= ( 1 d
n
/d )
For e < d :
K
N
= 1 d
n
e/[d(d d
n
)]
Notch effect in
sawn lumber
For notches on
the tension side
of supports
(sawn lumber)
In new code:
Reaction
calculation
F
r
= | F
t
A K
N
| = 0.9
F
t
= f
t
(K
D
K
H
K
St
K
T
)
where f
t
= specified reaction force strength = 0.5 MPa for sawn lumber
K
St
= 1.0 for dry and 0.7 for wet service conditions
A = gross cross-section area
K
N
= notch factor
Area A
NEW !!
Notch factor
K
N
e
d
1
d
n
d
( ) d e d d
K
n
N
= =
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
.
|
\
|
=
q o
o
q
o
and 1
1
1
1
1
6 . 1 006 . 0
5 . 0
3
2
Based on Fracture
Mechanics theory
Bearing failure in a timber beam
The soft property of wood
Often governs
Not only compression perpendicular to
grain but also tension of the fibres
along edges
tension of fibres
along the edges
compression
perpendicular
to grain
Bearing resistance
A
b
Q
r
= | F
cp
A
b
K
Zcp
K
B
| = 0.8
F
cp
= f
cp
(K
Scp
K
T
)
no high
bending
stress
Bearing factor
Critical bearing areas in woodframe construction
Bearing resistance
(double bearing)
A
b2
Q
r
= (2/3) | F
cp
A
bavg
K
Zcp
K
B
| = 0.8
F
cp
= f
cp
(K
D
K
Scp
K
T
)
A
b1
45 deg
A
bavg
= 0.5(A
b1
+A
b2
)
but 1.5 A
b1
Bearing factor K
B
Bearing length or
diameter (mm)
Bearing factor K
B
< 12.5 1.75
25 1.38
38 1.25
50 1.19
75 1.13
100 1.10
> 150 1.0
Deflections
A serviceability criterion
Avoid damage to cladding etc. ( L/180)
Avoid vibrations ( L/360)
Aesthetics ( L/240)
Use unfactored loads
Typically not part of the code