The Heart

YouTube - Heart
Anatomy.webloc







Label your heart diagram with septum, L & R atria, L & R ventricles,
two atrioventricular valves, pulmonary valve and aorta valve.
Add blue and red arrows to show flow of oxygenated and
deoxygenated blood.
Heart Check
1. Why do the ventricles have thick walls?

2. Why do the atria have thin walls?

3. Why is the left ventricle thicker than the right?

4. How do the valves prevent backflow when the
ventricle contracts?
Circulation and blood vessels

Veins
towards
heart




Arteries
away





Label your diagram with the vena cava, pulmonary
artery, pulmonary vein and aorta.
Circulation check
1. Which 2 vessels carry blood to the heart?

2. Which vessel carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs?

3. Which vessel carries oxygenated blood back to the heart?

4. Which vessel carries blood to the rest of the body?

1. Arteries carry oxygenated blood and veins carry
deoxygenated blood True or False? Explain.
The Cardiac Cycle
1 2 3
3 phases:
1. Atrial systole (contracts)
2. Ventricular systole (contracts)
3. Diastole (relaxes)

Concept II Practice- Rep#129DBC
Pressure changes in heart
1. What are phases
a, b and c called?


2. Describe what is
happening in the heart
at points 1 10 on
the graph.
(c)
Cardiac Cycle check





What are the 3 phases of the cardiac cycle
called?
Match them with phases 1,2 and 3 above.
Match ABC with phases 1,2 and 3 of cycle.
Concept II Practice- Rep#129DBC
Coordinating the heartbeat
myogenic

SAN (sinoatrial node)
the pacemaker
AVN (atrioventricular node)
after slight delay
Bundle of His
contraction from base of heart
Coronary Heart Disease
Coronary arteries provide
heart muscle with blood
carrying oxygen and
glucose for respiration.

If these arteries become
blocked (atheroma)
problems arise.

e.g. myocardial infarction
Atheroma
Fatty deposits build up
under the endothelium of
the artery when it becomes
damaged.
(damage can be caused by uneven
blood flow, high blood pressure,
chemicals or viral infection.)

White blood cells collect
under the endothelium and
absorb fatty materials, e.g. LDLs ( contain cholesterol).






Atheroma







Lumen reduced.
Thrombosis
As a result of atheroma a lumpy area, called a
plaque, forms on the artery wall.
This can lead to a blood clot forming
(thrombosis). Can completely block the lumen.

Aneurysm
The artery wall can
bulge in weakened areas.

This is an aneurysm.

It can burst.

Aneurysms and
thrombosis can form in other parts of body too.
Heart Attack

Atheroma can reduce blood supply to the
heart muscle.
Angina is chest pain caused by exercise.
Myocardial Infarction
Muscle can die
(infarction).
Symptoms of Myocardial Infarction
Severe pain in chest
Sick, breathless
Rapid but weak pulse

The affected area of muscle will stop working and the
heartbeat can be disrupted which leads to uncoordinated
contractions : fibrillation.
No pulse detected as not enough force to pump blood into
aorta.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y8m08y9BvJo

Emergency defibrillation is necessary.
1/3 victims die within an hour : need heart compressions
and artificial respiration until defibrillater available.
CHD worldwide







What are the risk factors?
Risk Factors
Age and Sex
Genetic factors ( e.g. cholesterol)
Smoking
High blood pressure
High blood cholesterol : high concentration
of LDLs
Diet high in saturated fats and/or salt