Stages of Teachers

Development
Prepared by:
JAMU ANAK GALEH
Five Development of Teachers
(Trotter,1986)
Trotter (1986) has put forward the theory of
the five stages of development for a person
to be an expert in his field of work.

Five stages of development are:
The novice level
The advanced novice level / Competent level
The efficient level
The skilled level
The expert level
Pre-service teachers in Teaching degree program may
be moved from the novice to the advanced novice and
start heading to the efficient level when they become
teachers in school.
Generally, one takes the interval between 10 and 15
years to shift from the novice to become an expert in
the field.
Trotter (1986) argues that teachers need many years of
experience and shift to the skilled and only a handful of
them will achieve progress at the expert level.
The novices learn the specific facts objectively and
master the basic concepts and principles in action.
They began to acquire some basic skills, master the
terminology, terminology related to his profession,
and gather initial ideas about teaching duties.

When does this stage begin?
This stage begins when you are registered as a
student teacher education (teacher education
students) in Teaching degree program.
Novice teachers do not have the skills that
are required to handle teaching in a
classroom.

able to form a cognitive map of the general
duties of a professional teacher through
courses offered in their
Teaching degree program as an introduction to
psychology and child development, educational
philosophy and history of education.
Advanced Novice Level / Competent Level
When does this stage begin?
Experience and exposure to the realities of school can help
further deepen understanding of novice teachers about
the needs and demands of the teaching profession.
The exposure to the actual situation of the school
School Based Experience
Practicum
in which this experienced / efficient teachers help
teachers gain experience in performing daily tasks.
The third stage :The teacher achieved the
skills in their respective fields.
The teacher had a certificate or a degree in
teaching to meet the eligibility requirement.
Efficiency (competence) actually is a minimum
for a function as a qualified educator.
Efficient(competent) Level
When does this competent stage begin?
Begins when you accept an offer of
appointment as a teacher.
Teachers require between two and five years of
teaching experience and at the same time being
open to new learning or ready to receive
additional training in service.

If they leave the teaching profession before the
five years of service, chances are they did not
even reach the level of competence.

Competent Level
Teachers begin to recognize more and more the
principles and concepts out of context and elements
with respect to specific situations.
Teachers begin to have the ability to solve T & L
problems they face.
Competent teacher can investigate their own practice
through reflection that may sound, "I have tried this, but
the result is not what I want. What should I do now?
THE SKILLED LEVEL (Proficient)
Only a small percentage of professional
educators ever reach this stage.
These are the teachers one normally thinks
about when we remember the teachers who
had the most influence on us.

Characteristics:
Skilled teacher can easily identify the key
elements in a task.
Skilled teachers have high cognitive ability to
analyze and digest the learning environment
in a creative and distinctive ways.
Can identify the important elements of the
task very quickly, very easily.
They have a fluid style that allows them to
implement decisions based on intuitive
understandings--understandings that come out of
their experiences.
These understandings are so internalized that
sometimes they can not even state why it is that
they are thinking that way.
Skilled teachers have the ability to guide and mentor
novice teachers.
They can share ideas, experiences and skills through
forums, in-service training courses, seminars, research,
intellectual discussion and so on.
THE EXPERTISE LEVEL
The individual is operating in an experienced-
based similar to that achieved at the proficient
stage, but in a more holistic manner.
This means that they are not focusing on simply
one or two elements, but are able to
comprehend and work with a variety of
patterns.
Characteristics:
People who are operating at the stage of expertise
can handle a large quantity of information and give
a very fluid, natural performance.

The major difference between individuals in the
stages of proficient and expertise is that what
individuals in the latter stage do almost always
works.

Individuals in the stage of proficient still make
mistakes; those in expertise provide almost perfect
performance.
We may only interact with a handful in our
entire education experience.
These educators are widely recognized as
superior.
They are also likely to be mentors for
educators who desire to become like them.
Piece of advice:
At your stage of development it is important to
remember that it takes years of training and
experience to become a competent, let alone a
proficient or expert, teacher.

All we ask at this point is that you work hard and
try to learn from your mistakes. However, you
need not feel guilty when you make mistakes; it
comes with being in your stage of development.
Summary
NOVICE

New to the field
Know little to nothing

COMPETENT

Can perform to basic standard

EFFECTIVE Experienced
Can vary performance based on
unique situation
EXPERT / SKILLED &
MASTER

Can invent new or better way to
do job, can teach others
Reference
Huitt, W. (2006, September). Stages of
mastery. Educational Psychology
Interactive. Valdosta, GA: Valdosta State
University. Retrieved from
http://www.edpsycinteractive.org/edpsyc/st
gmstry.html