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Lesson 13: Teaching with

Visual Symbols
Prepared by:
Punzalan, Yvonne Claire P.
2014-2015

Objectives

1. To define what visual symbols are.
2. To identify what instructional material fall under visual
symbols.
3. To enumerate and describe the kinds of visual symbols.
4. To identify the guidelines that must be follow when we read
charts, graphs and maps.
Visual symbols will be meaningful if we can use them as
summaries of our own direct experiences or our rich indirect
experiences..A little can stand for a lot!
A is worth a thousand words.

Examine the content of the following slides
Read this!
From the 52% of teen drinkers saying that they used alcohol at
least a few times per month in 1997, to the 35% of teenage drinkers
in 2013 saying that they use alcohol "regularly", this number has
dropped considerably.

Source: http://hocensus.blogspot.com/2013/10/2013-herkimer-county-tap-alcohol-use.html
Visual symbols
are representation of direct reality which
comes in the form of signs and symbols.
Kinds of Visual symbols
1. Drawing
2. Cartoons
3. Strip drawings
4. Diagrams
5. Maps

Drawing
A drawing may not be real thing but better to have a
concrete visual aid than nothing. To avoid confusion,
it is good that our drawing correctly represents the
real thing.
Stick drawing
Letter drawing
Shape drawing
Number drawing
Action drawing
Cartoons
A first rate cartoon tells its story metaphorically.
The perfect cartoon needs no caption.
Sources of Cartoons
They appear often in newspapers and
magazines.
Cartoon of the month
Sketching Cartoons
Sketching Cartoons
Strip drawings
These are commonly called comics or comic strips.
Dale (1969) asserts that a more accurate term is strip
drawings.
Sample of comic strips
Diagrams
It is any line drawing that shows arrangement and relations
as of parts to the whole, relative values, origins and
development, chronological fluctuations, distribution, etc.
(Dale, 1969)
Types of Diagrams
1. Affinity diagram
Used to cluster complex apparently unrelated data
into natural and meaningful groups.
Jiro Kawakita (1960s)

KJ Method
2. Tree diagram
Used to chart out, in increasing detail, the
various tasks that must be accomplished to complete a
project or achieve a specific objective.
3. Fishbone diagram
It also called cause-and-effect diagrams.
It is a structured form of brainstorming that graphically
shows the relationship of possible causes and subcauses
directly related to an identified effect / problem.
Kaoru Ishikawa.
Types of Diagrams
1. Affinity diagram
2. Tree diagram
3. Fishbone diagram

Charts
Is a diagrammatic representation of relationships
among individual within an organization.

Example of Charts
1. Time chart
Is a tabular time chart that presents data in
ordinal sequence.
2. Tree or stream chart
Depicts development, growth and change
by beginning with a single course (the trunk)
with spreads out into many branches.
3. Flow chart
Is a visual way of charting or showing a process from
beginning to end..
By outlining every step in a process, you can begin to
find inefficiencies or problem. (Latta, 1994)
4. Organizational chart
shows how one part of the organization
relates to other parts of the organization.
Restaurant Management Chart
5. Comparison and contrast chart
used to show similarities and differences between two
things (people, places events, ideas, etc.)
Key frame questions:
a) What things are being compared?
b) How are they similar?
c) How are they different?
6. Pareto chart
Is a type of bar chart, prioritized in descending
order of magnitude or importance from left to
right.
It show at a glance which factors are occurring
most.
7. Gantt chart
Is an activity time chart.
Henry Gantt (1910s)
Example of Charts
1) Time chart
2) Tree or stream chart
3) Organizational chart
4) Comparison and contrast chart
5) Flow chart
6) Pareto chart
7) Run chart or trend chart
8) Gantt chart

Graphs
A graph is a representation of a set of objects
where some pairs of objects are connected by
links.
Several Types of Graphs
1. Pie or circle graph
Recommended for showing parts of whole.
A special chart that uses "pie slices" to show
relative sizes of data.
2. Bar graph
Used in comparing the magnitude of
similar items at different ties or seeing relative
sizes of the parts of a whole.
3. Pictorial graph
Pictograph is a way of representing statistical
data using symbolic figures to match the
frequencies of different kinds of data.
4. Graphic Organizers
is a communication tool that uses visual symbols to
express knowledge, concepts, thoughts, or ideas, and
the relationships between them.

Several Types of Graphs
1. Pie or circle graph
2. Bar graph
3. Pictorial graph
4. Graphic Organizers



Maps
A map is a symbolic depiction highlighting
relationships between elements of some space, such
as objects, regions, and themes.
A map is a representation of the surface of the
earth or some part of it (Dale, 1969)
Kinds of Map
1. Physical map
Combines in a single projection data like
altitude, temperature, rainfall, precipitation,
vegetation and soil.
2. Relief map
Has three dimensional representations and
show contours of the physical data of the earth
or part of the earth.
Hand-made raised-relief map of the High Tatra
Mountains.
3. Commercial or economic map
Also called product or industrial map since
they show land areas in relation to the economy.
4. Political map
Gives detailed information about country,
provinces, cities and towns, roads and highways.
Ocean, rivers and lakes are the main features of
most political maps.
Kinds of Map
1. Physical map
2. Relief map
3. Commercial or economic map
4. Political map

Map language
1. Scale
Shows how much the actual earths surface is
represented by a given measurement on a map.
2. Symbols
Usually a map has a legend that explains
what each symbol means.
3. Color
The different colors of the map are part of the
map language.
What colors represent the bodies of water
What about contours of the earth and railroads,
highways and other cultural features?
4. Geographic grids
The entire systems of these grid lines are called
grid lines.

A meridian is a north to south pole line.

Parallel are lines drawn around a globe with all points
along each line with an equal distance from the pole.

Latitude is a distance in degrees of any place
north and south of the equator.

Longitude is distance in degrees of any place east
or west of the prime meridian.


Direction: Write T if the statement is true and F if the
statement is false.
1. Lines of longitude are. parallel to each other.
2. On a globe all lines of latitude meet at the poles.
3. Latitude is measured from the equator.
4. The Latitude of the poles is 90 degrees.
5. Places at low latitudes usually have warm climates.

Summing up
Like a picture, a graph and all other visual symbols
are worth a thousand words. The proper use of
visual symbols will contribute to optimum level.

Visual symbols come in many forms drawings,
cartoons, strip drawing (comic strip) diagram, map,
chart, graph. For these visual symbols to be at your
finger tips, you ought to be skilled at making them.
The collection, preparation and use of the various visual
symbols depends to a great extent on your own
resourcefulness and creativity.
They may be used in different ways and in different
phases of the lesson depending on you purpose.
If you use them skillfully, your classroom may turn
into a beehive of busy students.
Focus Questions
1. What instructional materials fall under this category?
2. What are examples of each visual symbols?
3. Where can they be integrated in the instructional process?
4. What guidelines must we follow when we read charts, graphs
and maps?
Thank you for listening!

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