Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
ISSUES TO ADDRESS...
How does corrosion occur?
Which metals are most likely to corrode?
What environmental parameters affect
corrosion rate?
How do we prevent or control corrosion?
Corrosion and Degradation of
Materials
Chapter 17 - 2
Deteriorative mechanisms are different for the three material
types:
1. Metals actual material loss either by dissolution
(corrosion) or by the formation of nonmetallic scale or film
(oxidation).
2. Ceramics resistant to deterioration which usually occurs
at elevated temperatures or in extreme environments,
also called corrosion.
3. Polymers may dissolve when exposed to a liquid
solvent, electromagnetic radiation (ultraviolet) and heat :
degradation.
Chapter 17 - 3
Corrosion:
-- the destructive electrochemical attack of a material.
-- Ex: Al Capone's
ship, Sapona,
off the coast
of Bimini.
Cost:
-- 4 to 5% of the Gross National Product (GNP)*
-- in the U.S. this amounts to just over $400 billion/yr**
* H.H. Uhlig and W.R. Revie, Corrosion and Corrosion Control: An Introduction
to Corrosion Science and Engineering, 3rd ed., John Wiley and Sons, Inc.,
1985.
**Economic Report of the President (1998).
Photos courtesy L.M. Maestas, Sandia
National Labs. Used with permission.
THE COST OF CORROSION
Chapter 17 - 4
Corrosion is defined as the destructive and unintentional attack
of a metal electrochemical and begins at the surface.
Electrochemical a chemical reaction in which there is
transfer of electrons from one chemical species to another.
Metal atoms characteristically lose or give up electrons
oxidation reaction. The oxidation takes place is called anode.
Oxidation sometimes called anodic reaction.
The electrons generated from the metal atom must be
transferred to another chemical species reduction reaction.
The location at which reduction occurs is called the cathode.
Reduction also called as cathodic reaction.
Chapter 17 - 5
Two reactions are necessary:
-- oxidation reaction:
-- reduction reaction:
Zn Zn
2+
+ 2e
2H
+
+2e
H
2
(gas)
Other reduction reactions in solutions with dissolved oxygen:
-- acidic solution -- neutral or basic solution
O
2
+4H
+
+4e
2H
2
O
O
2
+2H
2
O+4e
4(OH)