SOURCES

OF
ISLAMIC KNOWLEDGE
The
Qur'an
and
Revelation
REVELATION
&
SCRIPTURE
BEFORE
THE
QURAN

THE QUR'AN
HADITH
AND
HADITH
QUDSI

REVELATION
AND HOW IT
CAME
TO
THE PROPHET
MUHAMMAD
INTRODUCTION
At the end of the chapter, students
should be able to do the following:
1. To explain the history of Revelation &
Scripture before the Quran.
2. To comprehend the meaning The Qur'an,
Hadith and Hadith Qudsi
3. To comprehend the meaning of Revelation
And How It Came To The Prophet
Muhammad
Revelation & Scripture before the Quran

God's Communication with Man

Man denies God

Empiricism and Realism

Creation is Material Evidence for God

Man's Pride

Guidance for Man

Revelation & Scripture before the Quran:
The Messengers

The Names of the Prophets and their Number

The Names of the Scriptures and their Number

The Contents of the Former Scriptures

The Final Revelation
Islamic Studies
ZABUR
1. Thi s book i s given to prophet
Davi d. The content i s a conti nui ty
to Torah because prophet Davi d
was instructed to foll ow the
teachi ng of Moses.
2. The ori gi nal copy i s no l onger
avai l abl e.
TORAH
1. The Torah was revealed to
prophet Moses duri ng hi s
medi ati on to All ah i n Mt.
Tursi na.
2. The Torah i s revealed at once
unli ke Qur an.

INJIL a. k. a BIBLE
1. The book was reveal ed to Jesus and i t
i s bel i eve the ori gi nal copy of Bi bl e i s
sti l l exi st but the accessi bi l i ty are
l i mi ted & negl i gi bl e.
2. The book menti oned more expl i ci t
about the comi ng of prophet
Muhammad f rom Arabi a, whi ch are
not f rom the Banu Israel .
THE QUR' AN
Def : The s peech of Al l ah, s ent down
upon the l ast P rophet Muhammad,
through the Angel Gabri el , i n i ts
preci s e meani ng and preci s e
wordi ng, trans mi tted to us by
numerous persons (tawatur), both
verbal l y and i n wr i t i ng.
I ni mi t abl e and uni que, pr ot ect ed by
God f r om cor r upt i on
The Ar abi c wor d Qur ' an' :
der i ved f r om t he r oot qar a' a,
t o r ead
t o r ec i t e.



a. f ur qan ( cr i t er i on, Al - Qur ' an 25: 1)
b. t anzi l ( sent down, Al - Qur ' an 26:
192)
c. dhi kr ( r emi nder, Al - Qur ' an 15: 9)
d. ki t ab ( scr i pt ur e, Al - Qur ' an 21: 10)
e. Nur ( shi ne, 4: 174)


f . Al -Haqq (truth, 3: 62)
g. Bayan (expl anati on, 3: 138)
h. Al -Hadi (Gui dance, 17: 9)
i . Hi kmah (Wi sdom, 54, 5)
j . Syi f a (Heal i ng/ medi cati on, 17: 82)
The Hadi t h
Def : The word hadi t h means news ,
report or narrat i on. Techni cal l y, t he
word hadi t h, ( pl . ahadi t h) means i n
part i cul ar t he report s ( verbal and
wri t t en) about t he s unna of t he
Prophet Muhammad whi ch cover al l
t hat He di d ( f i ' l ) or s ai d ( qaul ) or
s anct i oned as permi s s i bl e by hi s
s i l ence when any part i cul ar act i on
was done i n hi s pres ence
( t aqri r ) . There are al s o report s about
hi m, i . e. about what he was l i ke ( s i f a) .


The di f f erence between Qur' an and
Sunnah i s that the Hadi th i s the
words or acti ons of a human bei ng,
and not the speech of God as the
Qur' an i s. Not necessari l y reported
i n thei r preci se wordi ng, as the
Qur' an i s. Not necessari l y
transmi tted by tawatur, except i n
some i nstances.

The Hadith Qudsi
Qudsi means holy, or pure. There are some reports
from the Prophet Muhammad where he relates to the
people what God has said (says) or did (does), but this
information is not part of the Qur'an. Such a report is
called hadith qudsi, e.g.:
Hadith Qudsi 2 : On the authority of Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be
pleased with him), who said that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon
him) said: Allah Almighty has said: The son of Adam denied Me and he
had no right to do so. And he reviled Me and he had no right to do so. As
for his denying Me, it is his saying: He will not remake me as He made me
at first (1) - and the initial creation [of him] is no easier for Me than
remaking him. As for his reviling Me, it is his saying: Allah has taken to
Himself a son, while I am the One, the Everlasting Refuge. I begot not nor
was I begotten, and there is none comparable to Me. i.e., bring me back
to life after death.It was related by al-Bukhari (also by an-Nasa'i).
http://www.iiu.edu.my/deed/hadith/other/hadithqudsi.html


Whi l e t he common f act or between hadi th
qudsi and the Qur' an i s t hat bot h
cont ai n wor ds f r om Al l ah whi ch have been
r eveal ed t o Muhammad, t he mai n poi nt s of
di f f er ence bet ween Qur ' an and hadi t h qudsi
ar e as f ol l ows:

i . I n t he Qur ' an t he pr eci se wor di ng i s f r om
Al l ah, whi l e i n t he hadi t h qudsi t he
wor di ng i s gi ven by t he Pr ophet
Muhammad.
i i . The Qur ' an has been br ought t o
Muhammad onl y by t he Angel Gabr i el ,
whi l e hadi t h qudsi may al so have been
i nspi r ed ot her wi se, such as e. g. i n a
dr eam.
i i i . The Qur ' an i s i ni mi t abl e and uni que, but
not so t he hadi t h qudsi .

d. The Qur ' an has been t r ansmi t t ed
by numer ous per sons, ( t awat ur )
but t he hadi t h and hadi t h qudsi
of t en onl y by a f ew or even one
i ndi vi dual . Ther e ar e hadi t h qudsi
whi ch ar e sahi h ( aut hent i c) , but
al so ot her s hasan ( good) , or even
da' i f ( weak) , whi l e t her e i s no
doubt at al l about any ayat f r om
t he Qur ' an.

e. Anot her poi nt i s t hat a hadi t h qudsi
cannot be r eci t ed i n pr ayer.

God guides His Creation
Allah the Creator has not only brought about the creation,
but continues to sustain and direct it, in the way that He has
created us and all that is around us. He has provided many
forms of guidance, indeed, a system of guiding principles, of
which the laws of 'nature' are a part.
Guidance through Revelation
Prophets receive the word of God through revelation and
then communicate it to their fellow human beings:
The Meaning of Wahy
The word awha, from which 'wahy' (revelation) is derived,
occurs in a number of shades of meaning in the Qur'an,
each of them indicating the main underlying idea of
inspiration directing or guiding someone.
Means of Revelation
Means of revelation are: Inspiration, e.g. in a dream; Speech
hidden away; Words (speech) sent through a special messenger
from God.

The Qur'an revealed to Muhammad
According to Suyuti' the Qur'an descended in two stages:
From the lauh al-mahfuz, the 'well-preserved tablet', to the
lowest of the heavens (bait al-'izza) of the world, all together,
in the laila al-qadr.
From the heavens to earth in stages throughout the twenty-
three years of Muhammad's prophethood, and first in the laila
al-qadr of Ramadan, through the Angel Gabriel.
This second descent from the heaven to the heart of the
Prophet is referred to in Sura al-Isra' (17) and Sura al-Furqan
(25).
From the heavens to earth in stages throughout
the twenty-three years of Muhammad's Prophet hood

the lowest of the heavens (bait al-'izza) of the world

lauh al-mahfuz

all together in the laila al-qadr
Beginning of The Revelation
The Pause (fatra)
The Second Revelation
The Last Revelation



a ) The Qur ' an was r eveal ed i n st ages over
a per i od of 23 year s, and not as a
compl et e book i n one si ngl e act of
r evel at i on. Ther e ar e a number of
r easons f or t hi s; most i mpor t ant ar e t he
f ol l owi ng:
oTo st r engt hen t he hear t of t he Pr ophet
by addr essi ng hi m cont i nuousl y and
whenever t he need f or gui dance ar ose.

oOut of consi der at i on f or t he Pr ophet si nce
r evel at i on was a ver y di f f i cul t exper i ence
f or hi m.

oTo gr adual l y i mpl ement t he l aws of God.

oTo make under st andi ng, appl i cat i on and
memor i zat i on of t he r evel at i on easi er f or
t he bel i ever s.
Afzalur Rahman, Islam Ideology and
the Way of life 3
rd
Edition, Malaysia:
A.S.Noordeen.

http://www.iiu.edu.my/deed/hadith/other/ha
dithqudsi.html

http://web.youngmuslims.ca/online_library/b
ooks/ulum_al_quran/index.htm


CHAPTER ONE
ITEMS QURAN HADITH HADITH QUDSI
DEFINITION
STATUS
I.E
ITEMS QURAN HADITH HADITH QUDSI
DEFINITION
speech of Allah, sent down upon the
last Prophet Muhammad, through
the Angel Gabriel, in its precise
meaning and precise wording,
transmitted to us by numerous
persons (tawatur), both verbally and
in writing

Arabic word 'qur'an' is derived
from the root qara'a, which has
various meanings, such as to
read, to recite.

The word hadith means
news, report or narration.
Technically, the word
hadith, (pl. ahadith) means
in particular the reports
(verbal and written) about
the sunna of the Prophet
Muhammad which cover all
that He did (fi'l) or said
(qaul) or sanctioned as
permissible by his silence
when any particular action
was done in his presence
(taqrir).There are also
reports about him, i.e.
about what he was like
(sifa).

Hadith Qudsi are the sayings of the
Prophet Muhammad (Peace and
Blessings of Allah be upon him) as
revealed to him by the Almighty
Allah.

Hadith Qudsi (or Sacred Hadith) are
so named because, unlike the
majority of Hadith which are
Prophetic Hadith, their authority
(Sanad) is traced back not to the
Prophet but to the Almighty.

STATUS
Recite in the solah
I.E
sunna is that the Hadith is the words
or actions of a human being