1.

Elaborated and Restricted Code

Restricted code:
Benitez sacked again! only short sentence without any
background information
Elaborated Code:
Huge titles in the Italian newspapers proclaimed that Rafael
Benitez's unhappy six-month tenure at the European
champions, Internazionale, ended tonight when the
Spaniard's contract at San Siro was terminated, with the
parting of the ways set to be formally confirmed in the next
24 hours. The Italian club's president, Massimo Moratti, is in
the process of negotiating the manager's payoff with the
pair's relationship having fractured beyond repair in recent
weeks. Benitez who was was a former Liverpool Football
Club coach was fired for two times within the last seven
months. same information as the one in restricted code
but provided with all the background information
2. Mans and Womans Language
Dialogue between women:
Have you heard about Helens experience with a shop assistant?
No, could you tell me more something more about that please
Well yesterday she went shopping to the centre and while she was in the
cabin taking a new coat on, a kind of perverse assistant was taking photos
of her.
Jesus, youre kidding me, dont you?
I swear I am not, she called me on morning.
What happened then? Hasnt she called the police?
No, she told me, she was sort of scared and paralyzed. She ran out of the
cabin without saying a word to someone. Shes now emotionally broken,
hope she will recover soon.
Oh my gosh, I must visit her.
Stereotypes of this conversation:
Topic: gossip and clothes; use of hedges: kind of, sort of; polite speech, use of
tag questions: dont you, hasnt she, being more emphatic, express
emotions, using interrogative sentences more frequently
2. Mans and Womans Language
Dialogue between men:
Hi, dude, you watched it yesterday?
Hi pal, I did, but wasnt satisfied with result
What the hell, youre not the fan of Liverpool.
You kidding me, be sure Im not.
Such news for me
What about the performance?
Pace was nice, but the referee screwed the game up with that ridiculous
red card
What a craphe whistled wellit was deserved
Bullshit! You must have been different match, he was rubbish!
You dont tell
Ok, lets leave it, beer tonight?
Okey-doke.
Stereotypes of this conversation:
Using non-standard language, having argument, topic: spots, frequent
interruptions, few tag questions, slang and vulgarisms, simple and short
sentences, less in emotions
3. Functions of speech:
1. Expressive - express speaker's feelings - I was scared and paralyzed, now I
am totally broken.

2. Directive - get others to do things- Shoot in the left corner of the goal.

3. Referential - provide information- The final result is 4:6 for visitors.

4. Metalinguistic - comments on language- The main syntactic role of which is
to qualify a noun or noun phrase, giving more information about the
object signified.

5. Poetic - aesthetic language - It is better to take the hardship of education
than to taste the bitterness of ignorance.

6. Phatic - language for solidarity and empathy- I definitely know that could
be frustrating. I can understand how you feel.