Introduction

What is ERP:
E: Enterprise / Company Ex: Reddy Labs, Reliance, GE, GM, BMW
R: Resources
Man -> employee
Machines -> plants/manufacturing units
Materials -> items/products (raw, semi finished, finished)
Money -> finance (profit/loss)
P: Planning (effective plans for maximum profits with minimum
resources)

ERP Software:
A Software which is used to maintain and plan all the business activities of a
company/enterprise is called ERP software.
The business activities are :
How many customers/vendors/materials
How many sales orders/delivery orders/invoice
How much profits/loss
How many employees/leaves/provident funds/income tax
How many plants/stock available/stock damaged etc.
The various ERP software's are :
People Soft
Used by small companies
Supports less number of business applications/scenarios/programs
Supports less number of business modules
Less cost software
Very good at HR module
Oracle :
Used by medium sized companies
Supports limited number of business applications
Supports limited number of business modules
High cost software
Very good at finance (FI) module

SAP
SAP : It stands for Systems , Applications and Products in Data Processing
It is an ERP software which is used by medium sized as well as top MNCs
SAP supports every business scenario/application commonly used in business
SAP supports almost every Business module in the business (around 45+
modules)
Very high cost software
It is excellent at integration between all the SAP modules
Various Technical products are available from SAP like
BW/BI/BO, XI/PI , WebDynpro Abap/Java, EP, NWBC etc.
So, SAP does nt depend on any other Non SAP module
We cant do any black business in SAP (i.e., the information is stored in a
secured way where you cant do any black business)






History Of SAP
History of SAP:
In 1972, five IBM employees started a company by name SAP AG
Their objective was to develop a business software or ERP software
In 1980 the company released the first ERP software by name SAP R/2,
where R stands for real time and 2 stands for two tier architecture
In 1990 the company released advanced version of SAP R/2 by name SAP
R/3, where 3 stands for three tier architecture
Even today also we are using SAP R/3





What is ABAP
What is ABAP
Abap stands for
ADVANCED
BUSINESS
APPLICATION
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
It is a 4
th
generation language, That is why it is written as ABAP/4.
The entire ERP software is developed by using a single programming
language which is called as ABAP.
Once we have a good knowledge on ABAP, we can work on any SAP module.

SAP Modules :
We have various business modules in SAP. Some of them are :
SD : sales and distribution
MM : material management
FI : finance
CO : controlling
HR : human resources
CRM : customer relation management
SRM : supply relation management
SCM : Supply chain management
APO : Advanced Planner and Optimizer


SAP Consultants





Functional Consultants: A consultant who is responsible for configuring the real time
business scenarios like how many plants, sales organizations, materials etc in SAP
software is called as functional consultants.
ABAP Consultants: A consultant who is responsible for developing new programs,
screens, tables and customizing standard SAP programs is called as ABAP
consultants.
BASIS Consultants: A consultant responsible for installing the SAP software,
configuring the servers, controlling network traffic, creating usernames and
passwords etc are called as BASIS consultants.
Roles and responsibilities of ABAP consultants:
Receiving a ticket/Bug in the form of Functional specification document
from TL
Analyze the business requirement as per the given Functional spec
Estimate the number of hours for business requirement
Develop the object
Perform unit testing
Release the developed object to testing server
Prepare Technical Specification document for object .

System Landscape:
Normally, every project in real time will consists of three servers



Development Server: A server where all the SAP consultants will be developing the
real time objects for a business requirement is called development server. Once the
development is finished, we should do a sample testing called as unit testing.
Quality Server: A server where all the functional consultants or testing consultants
will be testing the developed objects is called a testing server. It is also called as
quality server.
Production Server: A server where all the developed objects will be used in the live
business market to maintain the business is called production server. It contains the
live business data of customers.

Note: As an ABAP consultant, we will be working only at development sever,
not the quality and production severs. ABAP consultants with more than 4
or 5 years of experience will have the access to quality sever but not
production server.
Sand Box Sever:




It is a server where we do our R&D work is called a sand box sever. Everybody will
have access to the sand box server.



SAP R/3 Architecture
SAP R/3 Architecture :
In software engineering there are 3 architectures
Single tier architecture
Two tier architecture
Three tier architecture
Single tier architecture: A system which is responsible for loading the
program, compiling, interpreting, executing as well as storing the data in the
same system is called single tier architecture. In simple words a system
responsible for front end and back end operations is called single tier
architecture.
Ex: All C language programs in olden days are written using single tier
architecture.

Two tier architecture: In this architecture we have two layers, server layer
and client layer.
2. a. Sever layer: In this layer we have a single system with very high
configuration called as server. This sever is responsible for executing the
programs as well as storing the data.
2. b. Client layer: In this later we have multiple systems which are connected
to a server. All the business users will be operating from client systems. The
server will receive the request from the client system and gives back the
response (i.e. result).
Ex: SAP R/2, Oracle





Disadvantages of two tier architecture:
As the number of client systems increases the load on the database server will
increase and the response time will be delayed
Since the response time is delayed the output will be very slow on the client
system which is very big disadvantage
To overcome this problem we have a new architecture called as three tier
architecture
Three tier architecture: In this architecture we have three layers, they are
database server layer, application server layer and presentation sever layer.

3. a. Database server layer: A server which is responsible only for storing the
data is called database server layer.
3. b. Application sever layer: A server which is responsible for only executing
the applications or programs is called application sever layer.
3. c. Presentation server layer: A server which is responsible for just
presenting the output and taking the input is called as presentation sever
layer.
Ex: SAP R/3 architecture.





Login to SAP

Log into SAP:
Double click on SAP GUI or SAP LOGON icon
Select development server name (ECC6)
Click on LOGON
Provide username: SAPUSER password: INDIA123
Press enter
SAP EASY ACCESS screen is displayed





Transaction Code: It is a unique code or shortcut code to execute a specific
program and its corresponding screen.
Ex:
SE11: Displays ABAP dictionary
SE38: Displays ABAP editor
SE37: Displays ABAP function builder
SE21: Displays ABAP package builder
SE80: Displays ABAP development work bench . Etc.

Naming conventions:

These objects will starts with any character
Except Y and Z.
The objects must start with either Y or Z.
These objects cant be modified directly. These objects can be changed however we want.
PACKAGE:
It is a container of developed objects
Each project contains a single package per module
Packages are created by BASIS consultants or team leads when the project is started
All our objects must be stored in the package only
SE21 is the TCODE for creating a package
Steps to create a package:
Go SE21
Give the package name ZARJUN
Click on create, provide short description
Click on create or save, Press enter 2 times
Click on save, a package is created

Transport Request Number: A number which is used to transport an object from one
server to another server within system landscape is called transport request number.
ECCK is the name of development server
SEO9 is the TCODE for releasing TR

Ex:

Package types:






Developing/Creating an ABAP Program
Steps to create a program:
Go to SE38,
Give the program name zsample
Click on create, provide description or Title
Select type = EXECUTABLE
Click on save
Provide the package name and press enter
Click on create request icon
Provide short description and press enter
A transport request number will be generated, just press enter
The ABAP editor is opened
Click on save and activate








Introduction to WRITE statement

WRITE: It is the statement which is used to print a text on the output screen.
It is similar to PRINTF in C language
Ex:
Write hello world.
Syntax:




: Chain Operator: It is a statement which is used to display multiple texts which are separated
by commas using a single write statement.






Report zsample.
Write hello world.
Write welcome to sap abap
Write / igrow soft.
Write : / cno, cname, city.
Write : / 3 cno, 15 cname, 25 city.
Write: / 25(25) ABAP BY ARJUN left-justified color 1. (Displays background color)
Write: / 25(25 ) ABAP BY ARJUN centered color 2.
Write: / 25(25 ) ABAP BY ARJUN right-justified color 3.
Write: / 25(25) ABAP BY ARJUN right-justified color 6 inverse. (Displays font color)
System Variables:
A variable which is defined by the system is called a system variable
All system variables are automatically assigned with some values
All system variables will start with SY or SYST
All system variables are stored in SYST structure
Ex:
Write / sy-uline. (Displays horizontal line across the page width)
Write / 25 sy-vline. (Displays Vertical line of height 1 line)
Write / sy-datum. (Displays systems date as per date settings in SU3 Tcode)
Write / sy-uzeit. (Displays systems time)
Write / sy-uname. (Displays systems user name)
Write / sy-repid. (Displays report name)
Ex to draw a box:
Write / 25(25) sy-uline.
Write / 25 sy-vline.
Write 49 sy-vline.
Write / 25(25) sy-uline.
Assignment:
Develop a report to display customer details as below.