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MAN2005: Organizational Behaviour

All Groups
Introduction to the Organizational Behaviour Module
Lecturer: Prince Oswy Gayle
Thursday September 1, 2011








University of Technology, Jamaica
School of Business Administration
Meet the Lecturer
Name: Oswy Gayle
Office Location:
CEEC Building/ Engineering Building
(2nd Floor)
Email: ogayle@utech.edu.jm
Contact: 512-2527 [907-5527]
Students Consultancy Times:
Tuesdays (11:30 a.m 12:30 p.m)
Tuesdays (5:00 5:40 p.m)
Fridays (11:00 12:30 p.m)


Module Resource
1. URL: [http://utechonline.utech.edu.jm]

2. The system will ask you for an Enrolment Key
This is [behaviour1000]

Expectations

Attend Classes
Be on time for the lectures
Participate in lectures if you come to these
sessions you must participate
No sleeping in this class
No using of cell phones during lecture
I find it offensive if you constantly walk in
and out of the class please limit the
frequency with which you must interrupt the
class.
Welcome to the Organizational
Behaviour Module. This module is
compulsory for all BBA year 2 & BCEM
(SMLB) students and all level 2 students.
It extends over one semester/summer and
is worth 3 credits if successfully
completed.

There are 13 one hour lectures and 13
two (2) hour tutorials over the three
months.
What the course is about?
1. The course is about the behaviour
of individuals, groups and the
structure of the organization and all
its interrelationships.
2. It exposes students to the basic
scientific base for describing,
analyzing and predicting human
behaviour
Relationships of delivery methods to
objectives
The lectures are intended to provide you with vital
information, to help you structure the information
and to be a source of explanation.

The tutorial sessions on the other hand, are geared
towards building on the knowledge gained in the
lectures by way of illustrative case materials, to
develop your critical analysis skill etc

The tutorial sessions are also a place for practical
demonstration.
This course is assessed by means of a:
1. Group Research and presentation 15%
[5% written + 10% presentation]
2. Mid-semester test - 25%
3. Case analysis - 10%
4. Final exam 50%.

This will be explained to you in the class.
Module Assessment?
OB Schedule
Week 1 Introduction to the Field of OB
Week 2 Biographical Characteristics of Individuals
Ability
Week 3 Personality
Week 4 Learning
Week 5 Perception
Week 6 Values, Attitudes and Job Satisfaction
Week 7 Motivation
Week 8 Motivation From concept to Application
Week 9 Groups and Teams
Week 10 Leadership Theories
Week 11 Approaches to Leadership
Week 12 Conflict and Stress
Week 13 Structure, Culture and Change
What if I want to fail this module?
Do not attend the lectures and tutorials
Do not hand-in any work or do the group work
Do not participate in the classes
Do not attend the test
Show up for the exam a day later
Simply do not care about anything
Have a party every day
Do not read
Do not waste your time studying
How do I study this module and do well?
Know your lecturer and tutor; at least their names
Attend the lectures and tutorials. This will not be enough to pass.
This module has a lot of reading, start reading early (Swatting is
not possible)
Hand-in your work on time
Participate in the class; seek to understand the material
This course has a bit of psychology, read with a critical eye as well
as from many perspectives
Show up for the test and final examination early
Enjoy the process
Form an excellent group and study together
Lets go through the Module
Outline briefly
MAN2005: Organizational Behaviour



All Groups
Lecture 1 Introduction to Organizational
Behaviour
Lecturer: Prince Oswy Gayle
Thursday September 1, 2011








University of Technology, Jamaica
School of Business Administration

The Context of Organizations
The importance of Organizations
The complex nature of organizational Behaviour and
what it is
Describe what managers do.
Define Organizational Behavior (OB).
Explain the value of the systematic study of OB.
Identify the contributions made by major behavioral
science disciplines to OB.
List the major challenges and opportunities for
managers to use OB concepts.
The Jamaican Context
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Context
The Organization is
alive.

A metaphor, what do we
mean?
Context
Behind the dollars in any
organization are the people
and their behaviours
(Oswy Gayle, 2011)

It is behaviours that drive
organizational success
Context
We are in the age of Human and Social Capital

We are all a part of an organization in some form

A social system is a complex set of human
relationships interacting in many ways. Within an
organization, the social system includes all the people
in it and their relationships to each other and to the
outside world.

The behavior of one member can have an impact,
either directly or indirectly on the behavior of others.
Thesis
Organizational Behaviour relies on a
multiplicity of behaviours in order to be
effective and efficient. The extent to
which organizations manage the
interactions of peoples behaviour
individually, as a group and the
relationships that exists among its
structures, ultimately, determines their
level of success in a changing world.
The Context of Organizations
Kindergarten or Basic school
were preparation for the world of
work


Primary school, High school and
University are no different.

The Context of Organizations

we spend some 8 hours or more per day at
work; some 2-4 hours trying to get to and
from work and even on a Saturdays and
Sundays, we might have to do some extra
work. Even over the weekend we oftentimes
spend much time preparing for work or
thinking about the projects; and who to meet
for example.

Thus, work is very important and all this
input, process and the output of such
relationships occur in an organizational
context.
The Importance and Power of
Organizations
They are a part of the fabric of our
society look at the past recession,
it started in an organizational
context and spread to other
organizations and countries.

They offer employment and
contribute toward national
development.

The Importance of Organizations
They are places where we hone and
develop skills and talents and build our
careers.


They are the bedrock for some of our
key relationships; provide sources of
human and social capital;
Globalization happens within the
context of organizations.
OB in The News
Police name suspect in cop Killing
(The Gleaner, Jan 19, 2010)

The Enron Scandal

The Recession in terms of
managers taking too much risk

The complex Field of OB
Organizations are living entities they
have a particular behaviour if you
analyse them closely
Organizational problems (small and large)
have far reaching implications beyond
their physical borders
Wherever we have people, there is going to be
some minor and major issues as it relates to
their behaviour - Why? Why? Why? Why?
Why? Why?


What Managers Do
Managerial Activities
Make decisions
Allocate resources
Direct activities of others
to attain goals
Managers (or administrators)
Individuals who achieve goals through
other people.
Where Managers Work?
Organization - A consciously
coordinated social unit, composed of
two or more people, that functions
on a relatively continuous basis to
achieve a common goal or set of
goals.
Management functions planning,
leading, controlling, and organizing
Where People Work!
As we interact with people based
on the roles they are assigned,
we end up in a web of complex
behaviours (Oswy Gayle, 2011).

Roles Mintzbergs roles [decisional ,
interpersonal and informational]
Part of the problem with organizations is
that we enter them with different levels of
Management Skills
Technical skills
The ability to apply specialized knowledge or
expertise.
Human skills
The ability to work with, understand, and
motivate other people, both individually and in
groups.
Conceptual Skills
The mental ability to analyze and diagnose
complex situations.
So what is
Organizational
Behavior?
Questions?
Why does he behave like that?

Why would he steal the money?

Why is she absent so often?

Why are these outdated systems still around?

Why is this job so stressful? And boring?

How did he/she became a manager?
What is Organizational Behavior? (1)
Def 1 - A field of study that investigates the
impact that individuals, groups, and
structure have on behavior within
organizations, for the purpose of applying
such knowledge toward improving an
organizations effectiveness (Robbins and
Judge, 2007).
What is Organizational Behavior? (2)
Def 2 - The study of human behaviour in
the workplace, of the interaction
between people and the organization,
and of the organization itself. The major
goals of organizational behaviour are to
explain, predict, and control
behaviour (DuBrin, 2007).
What is Organizational Behavior? (3)
Def 3 - the study of human behavior from an
individual, group and architectural levels for
the purpose of systematically understanding
the impact behavour has on the organization
and the organization on behaviour, and using
this information to predict the effectiveness of
the organization, to build capacity based on
those behaviours and to keep the debate going
so as to understand what constitutes good
organizational behaviour (Gayle, 2009).
What is Organizational Behavior? (4)
Def 3 - The science of human behviour
in organizations at the individual,
group and architectural levels for the
purpose of making organizations more
meaningful to the purpose they were
set-up to achieve (Oswy Gayle, 2011).
Basic OB Model, Stage I
Model
An abstraction of reality.
A simplified representation
of some real-world
phenomenon.
What Behavior?
1. Behavour of people doing business abroad on
behalf of the company - Companies no longer
constrained by national borders as such
2. Some Companies choosing family-
friendly policies - HR Strategy
3. More women in senior positions
4. Organizational justice
5. Change
So what are we saying?
Successful organizations
dont just happen...
.they are
managed to be that way!

Inclusive of behaviours
So what are we
really studying?
The Dependent Variables
x
y
Dependent variable
A response that is affected by an independent variable (what
organizational behavior researchers try to understand).
The Dependent Variables (contd)
Productivity
A performance measure that includes
effectiveness and efficiency.
Effectiveness
Achievement of goals.
Efficiency
Meeting goals at a low
cost.
The Dependent Variables (contd)
Absenteeism
The failure to report to work.
Turnover
The voluntary and
involuntary permanent
withdrawal from an
organization.
The Dependent Variables (contd)
Deviant Workplace Behavior
Voluntary behavior that violates
significant organizational norms and
thereby threatens the well-being of the
organization and/or any of its
members.
The Dependent Variables (contd)
Organizational citizenship
behavior (OCB)
Discretionary behavior that is not
part of an employees formal job
requirements, but that nevertheless
promotes the effective functioning
of the organization.
The Dependent Variables (contd)
Job satisfaction
A general attitude (not a behavior)
toward ones job; a positive feeling of
one's job resulting from an evaluation of
its characteristics.
The Independent Variables
Independent
Variables Can Be
Individual-Level
Variables
Organization
System-Level
Variables
Group-Level
Variables
Independent variable
The presumed cause of some change in the dependent
variable; major determinants of a dependent variable.
Basic OB
Model,
Stage II
E X H I B I T 1-7
There Are Few Absolutes in OB
x
y
Contingency variables: "It
Depends!!!"
Situational factors that make the main
relationship between two variables change---
e.g., the relationship may hold for one
condition but not another.
Country 1
x y
Country 2
May be related to
May NOT be related to
In
In
Complementing Intuition with Systematic
Study
Systematic study
Looking at relationships, attempting to attribute causes
and effects, and drawing conclusions based on scientific
evidence.
Provides a means to predict behaviors.
Intuition
Gut feelings about why I do what I do and what
makes others tick.
OB looks at consistencies
What is common about behaviour, and helps
predictability?
OB is more than common sense
Systematic study, based on scientific evidence
OB has few absolutes
OB takes a contingency approach
Considers behaviour in context

Complementing Intuition with
Systematic Study
Why study OB?
To see the impact of organizations on people and
vice versa
A US Study revealed that wages and fringe benefits
are not the main reasons employees like their job or
stay with the company. It is the quality of the job
and the supportiveness of the environment.
Is this the same in Jamaica? Japan? The UK

OB tells the extent to which dependent variables
are affected by independent variables

Most problems in organizations are more
about relationships, attitudes, values than it
is about technology and profits.
Why study OB? (contd)
Responding to Globalization
Increased foreign assignments
Working with people from different cultures
Coping with anti-capitalism backlash
Overseeing movement of jobs to countries with low-
cost labor (China)
Managing people during the war on terror, or election
periods.
Managing Workforce Diversity
Embracing diversity
Changing demographics in the Jamaica, Caribbean, US
and the rest of the world.
Implications for managers
Recognizing and responding to differences
Where is OB coming from?
The history of OB is rooted in the
behavioural approach to management.
The idea is that if specific attention be
placed on workers needs, it creates
greater satisfaction and productivity
among workers which ultimately
benefits the organization.
Management Perspectives Over
Time The Story
1930
Humanistic Perspective
1990 1890
Classical
1940
1950
2000
Systems Theory
2000
2010
The Technology-Driven Workplace
1990
2010
The Learning Organization
1970
Contingency Views
2000
1980
Total Quality Management
2000
1940
Management Science Perspective
1990
2010
1870
The Genesis of OB
Classical theory (industrial revolution ~ 1700 1900)
Contributed to the understanding of the workplace behavior

Scientific management - the application of scientific
methods to increase workers productivity.

Administrative Management - a school of
thought that emphasized primarily how organizations should be
structured and managed. Here the 14 management principles were
established.
The Development of Management
Humanistic Theory
Emphasized understanding human behavior, needs,
and attitudes in the workplace

1. Human Relations Movement - Emphasized satisfaction of
employees basic needs as the key to increased worker productivity

2. Human Resources Perspective - Suggests jobs should be designed to
meet higher-level needs by allowing workers to use their full potential
(Abraham Maslow & Douglas McGregory)
3. Behavioral Sciences Approach - Applies social science in an
organizational context; Draws from economics, psychology, sociology,
anthropology, and other disciplines;

Contingency Approach An approach that
suggest that there is no one way to manage people
or the work they do, but, the best way depends on
certain situational factors.

Systems approach - The belief that everything
we do is a part of a system and understanding the
parts of the system is the key to understanding
how be respond to the system.
The Genesis of OB
Contributing
Disciplines to Field of
OB
Contributing Disciplines to the OB
Field
Psychology
The science that seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes
change the behavior of humans and other animals.
Contributing Disciplines to the OB
Field (contd)
E X H I B I T 13 (contd)
Sociology
The study of people in relation to their fellow human beings.
Contributing Disciplines to the OB Field
(contd)
E X H I B I T 13 (contd)
Social Psychology
An area within psychology that blends concepts from psychology
and sociology and that focuses on the influence of people on one
another.
Contributing Disciplines to the OB Field
(contd)
E X H I B I T 13 (contd)
Anthropology
The study of societies to learn about human beings and their
activities.
Challenges for OB (contd)
Improving Quality and Productivity
Quality management (QM)
Process reengineering
Responding to the Labor Shortage
Changing work force demographics
Fewer skilled laborers
Early retirements and older workers
Improving Customer Service
Increased expectation of service quality
Customer-responsive cultures
Opportunity for OB (contd)
Improving People Skills
Empowering People
Stimulating Innovation and Change
Coping with Temporariness
Working in Networked Organizations
Helping Employees Balance Work/Life
Conflicts
Improving Ethical Behavior
Managing People during the Wars, elections
and political tensions
The Jamaican Context
Jamaica Productivity Centre

Jamaica Productivity Report 1972-2007 -
Workers producing less nationwide

output per worker, has declined, on
average, by 1.3 per cent per annum between
1972 and 2007

This means the average worker in Jamaica
has been producing less, each year, over the
period.

The Jamaican Context (contd)
The meanings and value of work to the
Jamaican workforce

Although we have come a far way with
infrastructural development and technology the
behaviours to support key business innovation is
lacking in some regard.

More qualified persons are entering the world of
work but the economy is not growing fast enough to
support these qualified persons

The Jamaican Context (contd)

We struggle with low standards

We struggle with bad customer
service to locals

We are forced to compete with world
leaders in tourism and innovation

Rap-up
Organizations are living entities

The Behaviour of people (individual and
groups) in an organization and the systems and
structures all impact the way organizations go
forward

So why OB matters? We are trying to predict
behaviours so as to increase productivity, job
satisfaction, organizational citizenship
behaviour and to reduce absenteeism, deviant
workplace behaviour and turnover

Rap-up
Why study OB? To see the impact of organizations on
people and vice versa

Jamaica - Although we have come a far way with
infrastructural development and technology, the
behaviours to support key business innovation is
lacking in some regards.

The extent to which organizations manage the
interaction of peoples behaviour individually, as
a group and the relationships that exists among its
structures, ultimately, determines their level of
success in a changing world.
Have the best evening
ever.

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