CHILD DEVELOPMENT:

CHILDHOOD
Emmanuelle Nazareno
Patrick Denzel Pomer
Mae Therese Portugal
CHILD DEVELOPMENT:
Represented by many factors such as physical
changes, communication levels, thinking ability and
emotional responses.
Composed of several different areas starting from
infancy to late adolescence.

CHILD:
human between the stages of birth and puberty
STAGES OF CHILD DEVELOPMENT:
1.) INFANCY
first period of childs development that
begins from birth and through two years of age.

2.) CHILDHOOD
divided in 3 sub stages: early childhood,
middle childhood and pre-adolescence.
2.1 EARLY CHILDHOOD
Includes children from the age 2 through 6.

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT:

weight gain of 4-5 lbs. per year,

growth of 3-4 inches per year,
physically active, cant sit still.

Refines complex skills: hopping,
jumping, climbing and running.
Walks alone, walks backward, moves
to music, walks on tiptoe, kicks ball
forward, uses slide independently, rides on
bicycles, throws ball overhead, walks on
balance beam, improve motor skills and
eye-hand coordination: cut with scissors
and draw shapes.

Can put on clothing, most can dress self with supervision,
washes face and brushes teeth, lace shoes, most are already
toilet trained.

COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT:
Learns to avoid simple hazards (stairs, stoves, etc.), by end
of fifth year, vocabulary reaches 2000 words including
adverbs and prepositions, interest in learning, usually asks
Whats that?

Poor understanding of time value and sequence of events.

Vivid imaginations; some have difficulty of separating
fantasy and reality.

Can bargain with peers, most answer simple questions,
lots of why and how questions, tells first and last name.



Counts five to ten objects, identify colours correctly, likes
silly rhymes, sounds and names.

SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
May involve imaginary friends,
wants to impress adults, feels guilty
when disobedient, simplistic idea of
good and bad behaviour, knows
relatives, aunts, uncles, cousins.

Imitate adults in play, shows pride and pleasure at
achievements, shows awareness of gender identity,
experience rapid mood shifts, increased fearfulness (dark
or certain objects)
Follows series of simple directions, wash hands unassisted
and blows nose when reminded, initiate or join plays with
children, compare themselves with other.
Develop friendships, shows interest in sex differences,
express more awareness of other peoples feelings.
Sometimes demanding, sometimes eagerly cooperative.
Increasing ability to control emotions, less emotional
outbursts, beginning interest in God
2.2 MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
Occurs during age of 6 through 10.

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT:
Slow steady growth, 3-4 inches per year, use physical skills
to develop gross and fine motor skills.
Better integrated motor and perceptual motor skills.

COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT:
Concrete operational thinking replaces egocentric
cognition. Thinking becomes more logical and rational.
Use language as communication tool, can recognize
others perspective, can perform accurate perception of
events, reflect upon self and attributes, understands
concept of time, space, dimension; can remember events
from months or years earlier.
Understands how his behaviour affects others, fixed
speech, may use slang, may swear.

SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT:
Friendship are situation specific, understand concepts of
right and wrong, rules provide child with structure and
security, begin understanding social roles, takes on more
responsibilities, self esteem based on ability to perform,
sensitive to others opinion about themselves, enjoys
teasing, has high standard for family


2.3 PRE-ADOLESCENCE
Covers children from 10-12 years old.
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT:
Physiological changes at puberty promote rapid growth,
maturity of sexual organs, and development of secondary
sex characteristics.

COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT:
Think hypothetically, abstractly and logically, calculate
consequences of actions and thoughts without
experiencing them.
Takes multiple perspectives, systematic problem solving,
consider multiple actions, plan a course of action, use
secret language


SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT:
Self-conscious about physical
appearance, may overreact to
parents criticisms or questions,
risky behaviour, critical of adults,
shares secrets with friends.
Psychologically distance self from parents, identify
with peer group, social acceptance depends on
conformity to observable traits or roles, friendship
based on loyalty, understanding trust, respect honesty
and straightforwardness to adults, become sexually
active.

COMMON MEDICATIONS GIVEN
1.) PAIN AND FEVER
Paracetamol
2.) COUGH
Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin,
Carbocisteine
3.) COLD
Disudrin, Salinase
4.) ASTHMA
Ventolin, Salbutamol (children above 2 yrs. old)
5.) VITAMINS
Pyrodoxine, Ferrous Sulfate+Zinc, Multivitamins,
Ascorbic Acid
6.) ANTI-DIARRHEAL
Nifuroxazide, Oreosol
7.) ANTIBIOTICS
CoAmoxiclav, Ampicillin, Hydrocortisone,
Amoxicillin, Cotrimoxazole.
8.) ANTIINFECTIVE
Cefazolin
9.) ANTIHISTAMINE
Benadryl, Loratidine, Cetirizine

COMMON DOSAGE FORMS GIVEN TO CHILDREN:
Tablets and Syrups