EVS ASSIGNMENT

TOPIC - MINERALS
Submitted by
Ruchika Agrawal Roll No. 27
Suraj Rathi - Roll No. 36
Minerals
The present age is known as IRON AGE.
A naturally occurring substance that has a
definite chemical composition is a mineral.
Minerals and power resources form the
backbone of industry in any country.
There are over three thousand minerals
On the basis of composition, minerals are
classified into two
Minerals
Metallic
Non-metallic
Ferrous
Non-ferrous
Ferrous minerals contain iron in it
Iron ore, manganese, chromites
etc
Non-metallic minerals do not contain metals
Non-ferrous minerals do not contain iron, but contain
some other metals
Limestone, mica, gypsum etc
The minerals which occur in the metal form is known
as METALLIC MINERALS.
Minerals which are not metals are known as NON-
METALLIC MINERALS.
Metallic minerals which are mixed with impurities are
called ORES.
The process of taking the minerals from rocks under
the earths surface is known as mining.
Extraction of Minerals
Mining
Quarrying
Deepshaft
Opencast
Drilling
The impurities are removed through a process called
SMELTING.
Non-metallic minerals do not posses any content of
metal.
Minerals do not occur near the surface of the Earth.
The extraction of minerals from the Earths depth is
known as MINING.
A MINE is an opened-up hole on the surface of the
Earth to extract minerals from the depth of the Earth.
Mines are of TWO kinds.
Opencast Deep shaft
Minerals that lie at small depth can be taken out by
removing the surface layer . This is OPEN CAST
mining.
Shaft Mining is used for taking out the minerals that lie
at great depths.
Minerals like gold, diamond and iron are extracted from
OPENCAST mines.
Usually OIL, NATURAL GAS and COAL are extracted
from DEEP SHAFT mines.
OPENCAST mines are also known as QUARRIES.
QUARRIES are usually used for mining stones, marble,
granite etc.
All the minerals are found in rocks on the Earth.
Some are found in igneous, some in sedimentary and
some in metamorphic rocks.
Generally metallic minerals are found in igneous and
metamorphic rocks, because they are directly formed
as a result of solidification of MAGMA.
Usually SEDIMENTARY rocks contain non-metallic
minerals like limestone.
Mineral fuels such as petroleum are also found in
sedimentary rocks.
China and India have large iron ore deposits
The two countries produce more than half of the
worlds tin.
China leads in the production of lead and tungsten etc.
Asia ha s good deposit of manganese, bauxite, nickel
zinc and copper too.
Leading producer of iron ore in the world after China.
Russia, Ukraine, Sweden, and France
Deposits of copper, lead, zinc, manganese and nickel
Mineral deposits in three zones.
Minerals in North America
Canadian
Shield
Appalachian
Region
Western
Cordilleras
Brazil produces high grade iron
Chile and Peru produce copper
Deposits of gold, silver, zinc, chromium, manganese,
bauxite, mica, platinum, asbestos and diamond
Petroleum is found in Venezuela, Argentina, Chile, Peru
and Columbia.
Rich in mineral resources
Largest producer of diamonds, gold and platinum
South Africa, Zimbabwe and Zaire produce gold
Copper, iron ore, chromium, uranium, cobalt, bauxite
Petroleum is found in Nigeria, Libya and Angola
Largest producer of bauxite
Leading producer of gold, diamond, iron ore, tin,
nickel, copper, lead, zinc & manganese
Kalgoorlie & Coolgardie areas have largest deposits of
gold