Philippines under Spain

Political
Social
Economic
Cultural transformation
Political Transformation
The Government
Governor General
Sole representative of the Spanish crown in the country
Powers: legislative, executive, judicial, military, ecclesiastical (related to church)
His power was best shown in the right of cumplase

Cumplase- power to suspend the implementation of any royal order




Political Transformation
The Royal Audiencia
the council of judges that acted as the supreme Court in the
Philippines during the Spanish colonial period

Political Transformation
Provincial Government
Headed by the alcalde mayor
City governments (ayuntamientos) were also headed by the
alcalde mayor
Political Transformation
Unpacified military zones(corregimiento) were leaded by the
corregidores
Indulto de comercio
All people were forced to do business with the alcalde mayor
This made the alcalde mayor rich and powerful

Political Transformation
Municipal Government
Headed by Gobernadorcillo(little governor)
Some of his duties were the preparation of the tribute(padron),
communal public work and military conscription and judge in minor civil
suits.
Officials of the pueblo or town were taken from the Principalia, the
noble class of pre-colonial origin
Political Transformation
Barrio Government
Headed by the cabeza de barangay
Responsible for the peace and order of the barangay
Cabezas who served for 25 years were exempted of the forced labor
Political Transformation
The Union Of Church and State
friars occupied significant positions in the central government
friars dominated the permanent commission on censorship
exercised political and economic powers
controlled the educational system and public works of the
municipalities supervised the collection of taxes and taking of
census
Social Changes
Adoption of Hispanic Names
Names of saints, indigenous and Chinese patronymics, flora and fauna,
geographical names, and the arts
Obligated to adopt surnames like Rizal, Del Pilar or Luna although some
indigenous surnames like Mabini, Malantic, Dandan and Paganiban
Atagalogoalfabetico de apellidos contained some derogatory names like
Utut, Ung-goy, and even Casillas
Social Changes
Houses
Bahaynabato with a wide azotea (batalan in original), retaining
the banguerahan and providing an aljibe or a well for water
supply
Social Changes
Change in dressing
Okangganand bahag to Barong Tagalog or Camisachino
Baro and saya for women developed into Mestiza dress
Jewelry and ornaments, gold and earrings of different sizes and shapes
Barong Tagalog-left Mestiza Dress-right Jewelries-center
Economic Transformations
The Encomienda
Spaniards receiving the favor was given the right to collect
tributes or taxes from the inhabitants of an area assigned to
him.
The man who receives this favor was called encomendero.


Economic Transformations
Kinds of encomiendas
The Royal encomienda- belonged to the King
The Ecclesiastical encomienda- belonged to the Church
the Private encomienda- belonged to a private individual

Economic Transformations
Forced Labor
Called polo y servicio
Polistas-the laborers
Falla-payment for exemption for forced labor (one and a half real per
day)
40 days forced labor for men (16 to 60 years of age)
Economic Transformations
Tobbaco Monopoly
Tobbaco production was completely controlled by the government
Brought considerable profits to the Government but rampant labor
Filipinos resorted to bribery, smuggling and contraband trade
Economic Transformations
The Royal Company of the Philippines
Established in 1785
Promoted direct trade between Spanish and Philippines
Exempted Philippine goods from tariff and encouraged the growth of
cash crop economy
Cultural Changes
Arts, literature and music
Folk dance, music, and literature have remained intact in the
21st century. These were introduced from Spain, and Mexico
in the 16th century, and can be regarded as largely Hispanic in
constitution, which have remained in the Philippines for
centuries.
Cultural Changes
Religious Influences
Widespread of Christianity
Religious orders
Augustinians 1575
Franciscans1578
Jesuits 1581
Dominicans 1587
Augustinian 1606
Cultural Changes
Festivities and Religion
Fiestas honoring the saints
Fiestas during Holy Week, on Corpus Christi, and the feast day of the
patron saint
Pomp and pageantry of the religious processions
Exotic Hispanic dances and music
Religious dramas of the sinakulo and the komedya or moro moro
Cofadias and sodalities of the Filipino laymen and laywomen honoring
the Virgin Mary
Cultural Changes
Holidays
1 January - New Years Day (Bagong Taon)
March or April - Semana Santa (Holy Week or Easter)
31 October to 2 November - Day of the Dead, Araw ng mga Kaluluwa
(All Souls' Day), and Todos Los Santos (All Saints' Day)
24 December - Nochebuena (The Good night or Christmas Eve)
25 December - Christmas (Pasko)

Cuisine
Chicken Galantina-left Torta del cielo-center Pastillas de leche-right

Thank You for Listening!!!
Reporters: Jinn Ashley Therese Natividad
Anne Batingal