WLTP Phase 1B

Main Open Issues Road and Dyno Load

Presentation at WLTP IG Meeting Geneva 8.1.2014
Open Issues Road and Dyno Load- K. Kolesa
Working paper No. WLTP-05-05
2 Titel oder Name, Abteilung, Datum
Open Issues Phase 1B for WLTP Road and Dyno Load
4 3.2. wind tunnel criteria
general review required
close link to #18 YES
4 4.1. wind conditions general review for on board anemometry
validation
measurements
required
NO
4 4.3. coast down procedure
review of definitions and selection of
speed range, speed points, reference
speeds for RLD and dyno load setting
to be discussed,
then modify if
necessary
NO
4 4.3.2.
on board anemometry based
coast down method e.g.
4.3.2.6.1.
review of the method (comments IR 85 -
87, 92)
to be developed NO
4 4.4. torque meter method
general review of torque meter method
(comment IR 95, IR 132)
to be reviewed,
then modify if
necessary
NO
4.4.2.2. torque meter method ascending ? or descending ? to be decided NO
4 4.5.5. road load curve correction
use always three coefficients, formulae to
be developed (comments IR 101 - 103)
to be reviewed,
then modify if
necessary
NO
4 5.2. default road load parameter
Industry objects to current parameters.
Based of future data the parameters can
be reviewed and adapted
(LabProcICEdoc 269)
to be reviewed,
then modify if
necessary
NO
4 6. wind tunnel method for RLD method to be developed to be developed YES
4 7.3.4.
alternative warm up
procedure
definition of family or procedure to be developed NO
4 8.2.3.2.
chassis dyno load setting
with torque meter method
review and/or development of a method
with 3 coefficients,
10 N criteria to be checked/applied
transfer of road to dyno load - clarification
needed
to be reviewed,
then modify if
necessary
NO
4,
App.
1
2.3.
The simulated road load
calculation for each reference
speed v_j
postpone to phase-1b
to be reviewed,
then modify if
necessary
NO
Open Issues Road and Dyno Load- K. Kolesa
YES
3
On-Board Anemometry for RLD
WLTP Annex 4 4.1.1.1.2
Road load determination of vehicles on road has to consider actual wind
influence by measuring ambient wind speeds . For low wind speeds a stationary
anemometry is sufficient. Measuring under higher wind speed conditions is only
allowed using onboard wind speed measurement.
This anemometry method is of regional importance using test tracks with a
more open structure and higher wind speed conditions. Therefore this method
was introduced in WLTP.
The maximum permissible wind speed conditions were discussed at length in
Phase 1A and it was concluded to perform further investigations in accuracy of
correction functions to obtain a robust and equivalent anemometry method.

Contact persons. A. Rijnders (NL) and C. Hosier (OICA)
Initial proposal is expected in meeting # 8, final decision in meeting #8
Open Issues Road and Dyno Load- K. Kolesa
4
Windtunnel Criteria
WLTP Annex 4 3.2

Background: The combined approach is based on measurement data

for the vehicle with lowest and highest cycle energy demand. The
vehicles between these extremes can be measured or calculated with
data of mass, tire rolling resistance and aerodynamic resistance of
available options.

Aerodynamic data of available options can be measured on road with a

high uncertainty or better in a wind tunnel. Therefore basic criteria for
windtunnel characteristics were introduced in WLTP.

Discussions with CP revealed need for a further review of these criteria

as some windtunnel actually cannot fulfill the requirements. Especially
the requirement for moving ground belt and the air pressure coefficient
have to be discussed with CPs.

Contact Person: BMW

Initial proposal expected at WLTP meeting #8, decision in meeting #12




5
Windtunnel / Chassis dyno as alternative RLD method
WLTP Annex 4 6
Current WLTP provides 4 methods for road load determination:
1. Coast down method
2. Torquemeter method
3. Use of windtunnel/Chassis Dyno
4. Calculation of road load based on vehicle parameters
Method (3) was reserved in gtr, but not developed yet.
Measurement principle: Driving resistance of vehicles on road is caused by aerodynamic
drags and resistance of tires and mechanical/electrical drags. Vehicle aerodynamic
resistance is measured in wind tunnel with specified characteristics, rolling resistance is
determined at chassis dynamometer equipment. The discrete evaluated forces can be
superposed to obtain the driving resistance.
Accuracy is expected to be far better than on road measurements due to lack of
influencing ambient factors, like wind, road, temperatures.
Critical is the definition of windtunnel and chassis dyno equipment. The equivalency to the
method 1 has to be shown by validation testing. Calibration for measurement equipment
is to be defined.
Contact Person is BMW, initial proposal is expected in WLTP meeting #6, decision in
meeting #12
Open Issues Road and Dyno Load- K. Kolesa
6
Torque meter method as alternative RLD method
WLTP Annex 4 4.4

Current WLTP provides 4 methods for road load determination:
1. Coast down method
2. Torquemeter method
3. Use of windtunnel/Chassis Dyno
4. Calculation of road load based on vehicle parameters
Method (2) was introduced as an alternative method to coasting down a vehicle
Measurement principle: Driving resistance of vehicles on road is caused by
aerodynamic drags and resistance of tires and mechanical/electrical drags. Vehicle
aerodynamic resistance is measured at constant speed points and the energy demand
for superseding the driving resistance is determined by special torquemeters between
driving axle and tire.
Advantage is measurement of driving resistance under positive torque. Parasitic drags
(e.g. electric braking or regeneration) during deceleration phase of vehicle can be
avoided.
Critical is the validation of equivalency to coast down method. Validation testing
required. Calibration of measurement equipment is to be validated.
Contact person are TNO and C. Hosier (OICA) , initial proposal is expected in WLTP
meeting #9, decision in meeting #9.
7
Alternative Warming Up Procedure on Dyno
WLTP Annex 4 7.3.4

Background: Road Load of vehicle has to be simulated on chassis dyno

to obtain similar conditions as in real life. For comparison of dyno load
with road load the vehicle has to be in comparable temperature
conditions

Current WLTP provides a prescription for warming up the vehicle

preceding dyno load determination

For alternative warming up procedures the equivalency criteria and the

applicable family definition have to be reviewed.

Contact Person: Yamaguchi, Japan

Initial Proposal expected at WLTP meeting #6, final decision in
meeting#7
Open Issues Road and Dyno Load- K. Kolesa
8
Calculation of default road load based on vehicle parameters
WLTP Annex 4, 5

As an alternative for determining road load with the coast down or

torque meter method , a calculation method for default road load
parameters may be used.

Situation: Industry objects to current defined parameters. Based on

future data the parameters can be reviewed and adapted

Contact Person: A. Rijnders (NL)

Initial proposal expected in WLTP meeting #8, final decision in meeting
#9
Open Issues Road and Dyno Load- K. Kolesa