VARIABLES

WHAT TO CHANGE ( WTC )

WHAT TO MEASURE / OBSERVE ( WTM / WTO )
WHAT TO KEEP THE SAME ( WTS )

Saiz . Ketebalan .. Bentuk .
Panjang. Isipadu .
Ketinggian.. Kuantiti
Jisim . Suhu .
Jenis.. Jarak .. Month
Bilangan. Year
Jumlah .. Kecerahan Time
1. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan satu aktiviti
A carpenter uses a saw to saw three wooden plank of the
same width and length but of different thickness. Table
below shows the time taken by the carpenter to saw the
three wooden planks.
Wooden plank Time taken to saw (min)
A 2
B 4
C 6
WTC
WTM

What to change
( WTC )

What to measure
( WTM )

What to keep the
same ( WTS )
Thickness of
wooden plank
Time taken to
saw the wooden
plank
Width of wooden
plank
length of wooden
plank
2. Diagram below shows three children are sitting on three
swings that are of different length.
When the three children swung, they found that the speed of
the swing is different from each other. The result are
recorded into table below.
Swing A B C
The speed of the swing Faster Fast Slow
WTC
WTM

What to change
( WTC )

What to measure
( WTM )

What to keep the
same ( WTS )
Length of swing
The speed of the
swing
Weight of
children
3. Diagram below shows an experiment.
Three test tube of different length are being stuck with a
stopper. Then they are heated for 10 minutes. The result are
recorded into the table below.
Test tube The time taken for the stopper to
shoot out (min)
A 1
B 2
C 3
WTC
WTM

What to change
( WTC )

What to measure
( WTM )

What to keep the
same ( WTS )
Length of test
tube
Time taken for
the stopper to
shoot out
The size of
fire
4. Diagram below shows a man travels on an uneven road
which is 15 km long with three cars of different size of tires.
Table below shows the time taken for the cars to arrive at its
destination.
Car Time taken to arrive (min)
A 30
B 20
C 10
WTC WTM

What to change
( WTC )

What to measure
( WTM )

What to keep the
same ( WTS )
Size of tires
Time taken to
arrive
Distance
travel
REASONS /
INFERENCES
1. Ajeet carried out an investigation to test the ability of a
number of objects to light up a bulb. Ajeet prepared the
following circuit. Each object was connected to the circuit.
(a) Using Ajeets results, state two reasons about the
differences between objects in group P and group Q.
Observation :
Object in group P does not light up the bulb,
object in group Q light up the bulb.
Reasons :
1. Object P is an insulator and Q is a
conductor.
Objek P bahan penebat, objek Q bahan
konduktor
2. Object P cannot conduct electricity and Q
conduct electricity.
Objek P tidak mengalirkan arus elektrik,
objek Q mengalirkan arus elektrik


WHY
2. Siti has two rubber bands, X and Y. X and Y are of the
same length. She carries out an investigation using the
rubber bands. Each rubber band is hung with an identical
cup. Diagram below shows the results of the investigation.
(a) State two inferences about the length of rubber band Y.
Observation :
Rubber band Y longer than rubber band X.
WHY
Reasons :
1. Rubber band Y more elastic than rubber band
X.
Gelang getah Y lebih kenyal berbanding X
2. Rubber band Y soft than rubber band X.
Gelang getah Y lebih lembut berbanding X.
3. A pupil released toy car X down an inclined ramp. This
activity is repeated with toy car Y. Distance traveled by both
cars is recorded.
Table below shows the result of the investigation.
Toy car Distance traveled ( m )
X
Y
1
2
(a) State two inferences that might explain why each toy
car travels a different distance.
Observation :
Toy car Y travel further than toy car X.
Reasons :
1.Toy car Y heavier than toy car X.
Kereta mainan Y lebih berat berbanding X.
2. Toy car Y have bigger tires than toy car
X.
Kereta mainan Y tayar lebih besar
berbanding X
WHY
4. A group of students gathered information about the
extinction of animal species in a particular forest. The bar
chart below shows the information obtained by the pupils.
(a) State two inferences to explain why the number of extinct
animals in year 2000 is the highest.
Observation :
The number of extinct animals in year
2000 is the highest.
Reasons :
1. Burning of forest
Pembakaran hutan
2. Construction of industrial area
Pembinaan kawasan perindustrian.
WHY
CONCLUSION
1. Table below shows information gathered by a
pupil in an investigation.
(a) State one conclusion that can be made from
information in table above.
What to change :
Date / day
Hari
What to measure :
Phase of the Moon
Fasa Bulan
Phase of the Moon largest on the 15
th

day
Pada 15hb fasa bulan paling besar
berbanding tarikh yang lain.
2. In an experiment a pupil uses several paper
clips and a magnet. The magnet is labeled at three
different position P, Q and R. Diagram below
shows the result of the experiment.
(a) What conclusion can be made from the
experiment?
What to change :
Part of magnet
Bahagian magnet
What to measure :
Number of paper
clips attracted
Bilangan klip kertas
dapat ditarik
The center of magnet is the least
number of paper clips attracted.
Bahagian tengah magnet paling
sedikit bilangan klip kertas dapat
ditarik.
3. Diagram below shows the sizes of the phases
of the Moon that was observed within a month in
a Lunar Calendar.
(a) What conclusion can be made from this
investigation?
What to change :
Day
Hari
What to measure :
Size of the phases
of the Moon
Saiz fasa Bulan
At day 15
th
size phases of the Moon is
the biggest.
Pada 15hb saiz fasa bulan paling besar
berbanding hari yang lain.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN 2
VARIABLES
( 2 INFORMATION GATHERED )

WTM

BERGANTUNG

WTC

WTM


DIPENGARUHI

WTC


WTC


MEMPENGARUHI

WTM


WTC


MEMBERI KESAN

WTM

The time taken to evaporate depends on the surrounding
temperature.
Masa untuk penyejatan BERGANTUNG kepada suhu
persekitaran.
WTC
Surrounding temperature
WTM The time taken to evaporate
WTC
WTM
Trend
Trend
Surrounding temperature
The time taken to evaporate
increase
decrease
Time taken by the sugar to dissolve affected by the mass of
sugar.
Masa untuk gula larut DIPENGARUHI oleh berat gula.
WTC
WTM
Mass of sugar
Time taken by the sugar to dissolve
WTC
WTM
Trend
Trend
Mass of sugar
Time taken by the sugar to
dissolve
increase
increase
Time taken to boil affected by the volume of water.
Masa untuk mendidih DIPENGARUHI oleh isipadu air.
WTC
WTM
Volume of water
Time taken to boil
WTC
WTM
Trend
Trend
Volume of water
Time taken to boil
increase
increase
Elongation of rubber band also depends on mass of weight.
Pemanjangan gelang getah BERGANTUNG kepada berat
beban.
WTC
WTM
Mass of weight
Elongation of rubber band
WTC
WTM
Trend
Trend
Mass of weight
Elongation of rubber band
increase
increase
Surrounding temperature influence the time taken to spoilt
the food.
Suhu persekitaran MEMPENGARUHI masa untuk makanan
menjadi rosak.
WTC
WTM
Surrounding temperature
Time taken to spoilt the food
WTC
WTM
Trend
Trend
Surrounding temperature
Time taken to spoilt the food
increase
increase
The amount of pest presence in the farm affects the
product of the farm.
Jumlah kehadiran serangga di ladang MEMPENGARUHI
hasil ladang.
WTC
WTM
The amount of pest presence in the farm
The product of the farm
WTC
WTM
Trend
Trend
The amount of pest presence in
the farm
The product of the farm
increase
decrease