Sie sind auf Seite 1von 40

ADHESIVES AND

SEALANTS
ADHESIVE
is a compound that adheres or bonds two
items together so as to form a single unit.
may come from either natural or synthetic
sources.
Adhesives and sealants virtually touch every
part of our lives.
Some modern adhesives are extremely
strong, and are becoming increasingly
important in modern construction and
industry.

Mostly all materials have at least two
common characteristics:
Cohesiveness- the ability of particles of
a material to cling tightly to one another
and
Adhesiveness- the ability of a material
to fix itself and cling to an entirely
different material.
1. GLUES
a. Animal Glue
Available in either solid or liquid form. Solid glue
is melted and applied hot. It is slow setting and
allows time for adjustment to the glue joint.
Animal glue has excellent bonding properties
with wood, leather, paper or cloth developing up
to 12,000 psi in. shear.
It has moderate resistance to heat and good
resistance to cold but poor resistance to water.
It cures by air drying at room temperature.

b. Blood Aluminum Glue
a special animal glue made for use
particularly with leather and paper. It has only
very moderate bonding/power with wood.
It is usually sold as a dry powder which is
mixed with water. It has fair resistance to
both heat and cold but poor resistance to
water, will dry from 150 to 200F.
c. Casein Glue
made from protein materials, is a dry powder to be mixed
with water.
It has good bonding powder for wood-to-wood or paper-
to-wood applications and will develop the full strength of
the wood in most situations.
Casein glue has good dry heat resistance and moderate
resistance to cold. It has moderate resistance to water but
does not perform well when subjected to high humidity or
wetting. and drying cycles.
It is subject to attack from molds, fungi, and other wood
organisms, will dry to as low as 35F with moderate
pressure.


d. Starch and Dextrin glues
available in both dry and liquid state, the dry
glue being mixed with water.
They have good bond with paper or leather
and fair bond with wood, but strength does
not compare with those of animal or casein
glues.
They have fair resistance to heat and cold
but poor resistance to water. They dry at
room temperature.

e. Asphalt Cements
are thermoplastic' materials made from
asphalt emulsions or asphalt cutbacks.
They have a good bond to paper and
concrete and are used mainly for roofing
applications and for laminating layers of
wood fiberboard.
They have relatively poor resistance to heat
but good resistance to cold and good water
resistance.

f. Cellulose Cements
are thermoplastic in nature and have good
bond to wood, paper, leather or glass,
developing up to (400 psi in shear with wood.
They have moderate resistance to both heat
and cold and good resistance to water. A
common solvent is ethyl acetate.
Cellulose cement cures by air drying and
setting.

g. Chlorinated rubber adhesive
is usually a liquid; it has good bond for paper
and fair bond with wood, metal or glass.
Strength does not compare with animal or
casein glues.
It has moderate resistance to heat, cold, and
water but poor resistance to creep. It cures
by drying at room temperature. The usual
solvent is ketone.

h. Natural-rubber adhesives
are usually latex emulsions or dissolved crepe
rubber.
They have a good bond with rubber or leather
and fair bond with .wood; ceramics, or glass,
developing strengths of about 350 psi in tension
with wood.
They haw fair resistance to heat and cold, good
resistance to water, but poor resistance to
creep. Room temperature is sufficient for drying.

i. Urea formaldehyde resin glues
available in powder-form to be mixed with water, and
in liquid form, which requires the addition of a
hardener.
They are thermosetting in nature, with excellent bond
to wood, leather, or paper having a shear strength of
up to 2,800 psi.
They have good resistance to heat and cold and fair
resistance to water. Creep resistance is good. Wood
welding can be done by applying a high-frequency
electric current directly to joint for rapid curing.
j. Melamine Resins
thermosetting glues manufactured as a powder
with a separate catalyst.
They have excellent bond with wood or paper
resistance to heat, cold, creep, and water are all
excellent. Melamine resins are cured under hot
press at 300F. Melamine- formaldehyde resin
glues are manufactured as a powder mixed
with-water and may be either hot setting or
intermediate-temperature setting types.
l. Resorcinol resins
are usually made as a liquid with a separate
catalyst.
They have good bond with wood or paper,
developing shear strengths up to 1,950 psi with
wood.
They have very good resistance to heat, cold
and creep and are generally used where a water
proof joint is required. Some cure at room
temperatures, while others require moderate
heat, up to 200f.

m. Epoxy resins
are thermosetting in nature, manufactured in liquid
form with a separate catalyst. The amount of catalyst
added determines the type of curing required.
They have excellent bond with wood, metal, glass
and masonry and are widely used in the manufacture
of laminated curtain-wall panels of various kinds.
They are also used in making repairs to broken
concrete.
They have excellent resistance to both heat and cold,
while creep resistance and water resistance vary
widely, depending upon how the glue is compounded.
SEALANTS
a material used to prevent some form of fluid
from escaping its container or providing a leak
proof barrier. Ex. Fixing of glass window frames
in aluminum channel.
Seven major end uses define adhesives
sealants industry : construction, packaging,
transportation, rigid and non-rigid bonding,
consumer products and tapes. The top three
sectors represented by construction, packaging
and transportation drive the market.
2. SEALERS

Sealing compounds are products which are used to
seal the surface of various materials against the
penetration of water or other liquids or in some cases
to prevent the escape of water through the surface.
To do this they must have some adhesive qualities
and the ability to fill the surface pores and form a
continuous skin on the surface to which they are
applied.
In many applications, the adhesion should be
permanent, while in others it need only to be
temporary.
TYPES OF SEALERS

a. Liquid asphalt
either in cutback form or as an asphalt
emulsion. Uses are, to coat the outer surface
of concrete below ground level to prevent the
penetration of water to the interior through
pores in the concrete.
b. Polysulflde polymers
this has excellent adhesive qualities, are
highly flexible, and maybe applied either by
hand or by spray.
They are being used in exterior wails of
foundations, between two-course concrete
slab floors, on roof decks, as swimming- pool
waterproofing and under roof flashing,

c. Solution of sodium silicate
used to seal the inside surface of concrete liquid containers.
The sodium silicate forms a gel-like film on the surface to
prevent water penetration.

d. Wax compounds
made in the form of emulsions to be sprayed over the
surface of newly placed concrete. The wax oxidizes to form
a continuous film prevents the evaporation of water from
concrete in this case the adhesion is only temporary. As the
wax continues to oxidize it becomes hard and brittle and
flakes or is worn off the concrete by traffic.
e. Liquid silicones
are used as sealers over concrete, brick and
tile masonry to prevent the penetration of
water into the surface.
The absorption of water by masonry walls
often leads to staining and efflorescence.
The silicone sealers are particularly valuable
for such applications because they are
colorless and do not affect the appearance of
the wall.

f. Oils and turpentines
sealers used to seal wood surfaces before
the application of paint or varnish.
They penetrate into and are absorbed by the
wood fibers so that the vehicle in paints and
varnish will not be similarly absorbed.
Similar sealers are used to seal wood which
will not be painted against moisture
penetration.

g. Synthetic plastic products
sealers for wood which form a film over the
surface and allow better bonding of synthetic
lacquers to wood.

h. Thin solutions of animal and casein glues
are used to coat the surface of plaster and
gypsum board under paint. These products
are commonly known as wall sizing.

i. Epoxy-resin formulation
used as sealers over concrete, wood, or. old
terrazzo surfaces before epoxy-resin
terrazzo is applied.
The thin liquid adheres to and seals the old
surface and provides good bond for the new
application. Similar sealers are used under
concrete surface repairs.


END.
REFERENCE:
ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING MATERIALS 3
RD
ED. BY GEORGE
S. SALVAN

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen