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The document summarizes Hungary's participation in United Nations peacekeeping operations in Angola from the early 1990s to 1999. Hungary contributed military personnel to three UN missions in Angola - UNAVEM II from 1991 to 1995, UNAVEM III from 1995 to 1997, and MONUA from 1997 to 1999. Hungarian forces helped verify ceasefires, support elections, assist with disarmament, and protect humanitarian aid efforts. While Hungary's involvement brought operational experience, more could have been done to process lessons learned and maintain expertise gained from participating in the peacekeeping missions in Angola.
Originalbeschreibung:
presentation in University of ELTE 17.09.2014.
Originaltitel
Hungarian peacekeepers in the UN missions in Angola
The document summarizes Hungary's participation in United Nations peacekeeping operations in Angola from the early 1990s to 1999. Hungary contributed military personnel to three UN missions in Angola - UNAVEM II from 1991 to 1995, UNAVEM III from 1995 to 1997, and MONUA from 1997 to 1999. Hungarian forces helped verify ceasefires, support elections, assist with disarmament, and protect humanitarian aid efforts. While Hungary's involvement brought operational experience, more could have been done to process lessons learned and maintain expertise gained from participating in the peacekeeping missions in Angola.
The document summarizes Hungary's participation in United Nations peacekeeping operations in Angola from the early 1990s to 1999. Hungary contributed military personnel to three UN missions in Angola - UNAVEM II from 1991 to 1995, UNAVEM III from 1995 to 1997, and MONUA from 1997 to 1999. Hungarian forces helped verify ceasefires, support elections, assist with disarmament, and protect humanitarian aid efforts. While Hungary's involvement brought operational experience, more could have been done to process lessons learned and maintain expertise gained from participating in the peacekeeping missions in Angola.
Operations in Angola 09. 17. 2014. Lt Col JNOS BESENY, PhD AGENDA Angola The Angolan conflict UN operations Hungarys involvement in the operations Selection Training Equipment Activities of peace-support personnel Conclusions Angola Area: 1 246 700 km, Variegated topography and climate Polpulation: over 20 million over 100 ethnic groups (Ovimbundu - 37%, Ambundu - 25%, Bakong - 13%, Ovambo, Herrero, Lunda, Chokwe, Koisan, Mulat, Portuguese, etc.) Religions: Christians (75 %), Animists (20%), negligible number of Muslims Rich in natural resources, dynamically developing (mid-level income) country, agriculture has a prominent role in the economy The Angolan Conflict I. Portuguese colonisation between 1480 and 1919 Portuguese West Africa, mass immigration of Portuguese 1961-1975 war of liberation against the Portuguese MPLA, FNLA, UNITA November 1975 Angolan Peoples Republic, president: Agostinho Neto Conflict among MPLA on one side UNITA, FNLA organisations on the other; USSR and Cuba support the government (MPLA) March 1976 FNLA decively defeated, UNITA receives US and South- African support; conflict is internationalised November 1987 to March 1988 Cuito Cuanavale stalemate in the war a question of negotiations 1988 negotiations begin with US mediation January 1988 UNAVEM I. 22 December 1988 New York agreement, Cuban and South-African forces withdrawn
The Angolan Conflict II. 1 May 1991 Bicesse peace agreement UNAVEM II. begins operations 29-30 September 1992 parliamentary and presidential elections October 1992 renewed conflict between MPLA and UNITA last nearly 10 years with variegated results 15 November 1994 Lusaka Accord February 1995 to June 1997 UNAVEM III. 30 June 1997 to 26 February 1999 MONUA 1998 Third Angolan War 1999 the UN quits the Angolan conflict due to UNITA sanctions against the organisation 22 February 2002 - Moxico Province, death of Savimbi 4 April 2002 real peace agreement between government and UNITA reconstruction of the country begins
UNAVEM II. The UNs second Angolan Verification Mission (UNAVEM-II) between June 1991 and February 1995 Mandate: enforcement of the provisions of the peace accord verification of ceasefire provisions supervision of Angolan police observation of elections and validation of results Mediation between belligerents Number of Hungarian military personnel: 42 UNAVEM III. UNs third Angolan Verification Mission (UNAVEM-III) - between February 1995 and June 1997 Mandate: enforcement of the provisions of the Lusaka Accord verification of ceasefire provisions support for the establishment of the states institutions Conversion of UNITA from armed group to political party disarmament of the armed groups and civilian population DDR programmes Number of Hungarian military personnel: about 20 MONUA UN Observation Mission in Angola (MONUA) between 30 June 1997 and 26 february 1999 Mandate: verify the reconstruction of state administration promote and verify assimilation of UNITA organisational units into the new government, armed forces, police and civilian life verify and enforcement of the ceasefire provisions collect and destroy weapons support human rights for the population, create civil society, support the creation and functioning of various civil organisations support the work of humanitarian organisations, coordinate aid to those in need Number of Hungarian military personnel: 26
Hungary Good relations with Angola economic, educational, military, police, etc. Monitoring the conflict from the 1980s 1988 possible Hungarian participation in resolving the conflict mentioned 15 May 1991 Hungary gives official notice of its intention to participate in UNAVEM II operations with 15 personnel End of 1992 evacuation of the Hungarian Embassy, due to an outbreak of hostilities 1993 Embassy reopened, then closed for good in accordance with Govt Decision 3188/1993 part of the Hungarian contingent is withdrawn 1993-1999 reduced Hungarian contingent participates in UNAVEM II.; Hungary also participates in UNAVEM III. and MONUA 20 March 1999 last Hungarian peace-support personnel leave Angola
Selection Personnel were selected by HDF GS Operations Directorate and Personnel Directorate Requirements: Mid-level English Excellent health Peace operations experience
Of the 155 00 military personnel 94 individuals and the specialist personnel of the Military Intelligence Bureau were qualified to participate. Therefore diplomats from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (as reservist officers) were drafted. The selection process included thorough medical examination and language test (conversation, translation of professional text) Training The first group was trained at the Budapest installation of the HDF Force Reduction Information and Verification Center. Relief groups were trained by the Peace Support Training Centre in Budapest and Szolnok, with the assistance of military and diplomatic personnel. Experience gained in previous peace saupport operations was utilised Training: health driving radio message traffic mapreading basic mission tasks ceasefire verification, separation and disarmament of armed groups, organisation ofelections survival skills UN training on location English test, driving test
Equipment Standard Hungarian military equipment limited utility (70M field uniform, boots, sleeping bag, sunglasses, duffle bag, etc) Meteriel purchased specifically for the operation better utility (mosquito net, athletic clothing, tropical uniform, etc) Medical kit ration packs Equipment purchased locally by deployed personnel (shoes, boots, other equipment) Equipment was generally suitable clothing service survey, collection ofexperience due to reorganisation and shortage of funds only minimal results Activities of peace-support personnel Rotation, deployment to camps (A, B, C) Classic peace support operation activities Patrolling on foot, ground vehicle and helicopter Observation of belligerents, verification , documentation and reporting of their strength Disarmament of belligerents, collection of weapons Escorting humanitarian convoys Runnig the parliamentary elections Coordination, mediation between belligerents Everyday activities camp management, self-sufficiency (cooking, cleaning, carrying water, washing, etc) Conclusions Selection, training and equipment of the Hungarians deployed to Angola (in spite of minor deficiencies) matched those of other European nations. Due to our professionalism and human touch, we were among the top peace support personnel. Experience was not processed adequately, although some of it was used in the Angola mission training Some of the knowledge and experience gained in Angola was lost to the HDF In accordance with international trends, Africas role is becoming more important, due to economic, political, diplomatic and other (humanitarian, migration, etc.) reasons The task is to involve those who participated in the mission and process the Angolan experience, then publish it to the widest possible audience