LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST

NOTABLE DISASTERS
RUSSIA
PART 2: WINDSTORMS
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for
Disaster Reduction, Vienna,
Virginia, USA

Natural Phenomena that Cause
Disasters

Planet Earths
atmospheric-
hydrospheric
interactions
create situations
favorable for
WINDSTORMS
NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED
DISASTERS IN RUSSIA
FLOODS
WINDSTORMS
EARTHQUAKES
VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
WILDFIRES
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
HIGH BENEFIT/COST
PROGRAMS FOR
BECOMING DISASTER
RESILIENT
GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE
AND COMMUNITIES
RUSSIA
Russia, the largest country in
the world, and the only one
surrounded by twelve seas and
spread out on two continents,
has communities at risk from
windstorms
The sea temperatures
around Russia are usually
too low to generate severe
windstorm (cyclone)
conditions
SO, RUSSIAS WINDSTORMS
ARE DIFFERENT
Some are snow cyclones
Some, like Windstorm Dagmar,
originate long distances away
where water and air
temperatures are more
favorable.
WINDSTORM DAGMAR:
DECEMBER 28, 2011
DAGMAR ORIGINATED IN
SPAIN
IMPACTS OF DAGMAR
As Dagmar moved across
Russia north of St. Petersburg
with its hurricane-force winds,
rain, and snow, it caused power
outages, tree-downing's,
flooding, landslides and other
societal disruptions.
DIMENSIONS OF DAGMAR
Some wind gusts reached 233
kph (145 mph), according to
Norways Meteorological
Institute, which described
Dagmar as possibly the third
worst windstorm of the past 50
years.
KYRILL STORM: JANUARY
2007
An unusual storm, Kyrill formed over
Newfoundland on January 15, 2007,
moved across the Atlantic Ocean
crossing the North Sea on January 17-
18, making landfall on the German and
Dutch coasts late on January 18.
By January 19, It had moved on to
Poland and the Baltic Sea, reaching
northern Russia.
OVERALL IMPACTS
Kyrill caused widespread damage
across Western Europe, especially in
the UK and Germany.
47 fatalities were reported, as well as
extensive disruptions of public
transport, power outages to over one
hundred thousand homes, severe
damage to public and private buildings
and major forest damage.
SNOW CYCLONE EXTENDS FREEZING
TEMPS INTO SIBERIA: OCT. 20, 2007
ELEMENTS OF RISK AND
DISASTER
HAZARDS
ELEMENTS OF SEVERE
WINDSTORM RISK
EXPOSURE
VULNERABILITY LOCATION
RISK
THE SEVERE WINDSTORM
HAZARDS
(Note: Usually worse than in Russia)
ARE POTENTIAL DISASTER
AGENTS
HAZARDS OF A SEVERE WINDSTORM
(AKA POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS)
WIND FIELD
STORM SURGE
HEAVY PRECIPITATION
LANDSLIDES (MUDFLOWS)
COSTAL EROSION
TORNADOES (SOMETIMES)



WIND PENETRATING
BUILDING ENVELOPE
SEVERE
WINDSTORMS
UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM
FLYING DEBRIS
STORM SURGE
IRREGULARITIES IN
ELEVATION AND PLAN

SITING PROBLEMS
FLOODING AND LANDSLIDES
CAUSES
OF
DAMAGE
DISASTER
LABORATORIES
A DISASTER CAN HAPPEN
WHEN THE
POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS
OF A WINDSTORM INTERACT
WITH RUSSIAS COMMUNITIES
A DISASTER is ---
--- the set of failures that overwhelm the
capability of a community to respond
without external help when three
continuums: 1) people, 2) community
(i.e., a set of habitats, livelihoods, and
social constructs), and 3) complex
events (e.g., windstorms, floods)
intersect at a point in space and time.

Disasters are caused by
single- or multiple-event
natural hazards that, (for
various reasons), cause
extreme levels of mortality,
morbidity, homelessness,
joblessness, economic losses,
or environmental impacts.
THE REASONS ARE . . .
When it does happen, the
functions of the communitys
buildings and infrastructure will be
LOST because they are
UNPROTECTED with the
appropriate codes and standards.

THE REASONS ARE . . .
The community is UN-
PREPARED for what will likely
happen, not to mention the
low-probability of occurrence
high-probability of adverse
consequences event.

THE REASONS ARE . . .
The community has NO DISASTER
PLANNING SCENARIO or
WARNING SYSTEM in place as a
strategic framework for early threat
identification and coordinated
local, national, regional, and
international countermeasures.



THE REASONS ARE . . .
The community LACKS THE
CAPACITY TO RESPOND in a
timely manner to the full
spectrum of expected and
unexpected emergency
situations.
THE REASONS ARE . . .
The community is INEFFICIENT
during recovery and
reconstruction because it HAS
NOT LEARNED from either the
current experience or the
cumulative prior experiences.

THE ALTERNATIVE TO A
WINDSTORM DISASTER
IS

WINDSTORM DISASTER
RESILIENCE
RUSSIAS
COMMUNITIES
DATA BASES
AND INFORMATION
HAZARDS:
GROUND SHAKING
GROUND FAILURE
SURFACE FAULTING
TECTONIC DEFORMATION
TSUNAMI RUN UP
AFTERSHOCKS
WINDSTORM
HAZARDS
INVENTORY
VULNERABILITY
LOCATION
WINDSTORM RISK
RISK
ACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
WINDSTORM DISASTER
RESILIENCE
PREPAREDNESS
PROTECTION
FORECASTS/SCENARIOS
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
RECOVERY and
RECONSTRUCTION
POLICY OPTIONS
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT
DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL WIND-
STORMS
PREPAREDNESS FOR
ALL THE LIKELY
WINDSTORM
HAZARDS IS
ESSENTIAL FOR
DISASTER
RESILIENCE

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT
DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL WIND-
STORMS
TECHNOLOGIES
THAT FACILITATE
THREAT IDENTI-
FICATION FOR
EARLY WARNING
AND EVACUATION IS
ESSENTIAL FOR
DISASTER
RESILIENCE

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT
DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL WINDSTORMS
TIMELY
EMERGENCY
RESPONSE IS
ESSENTIAL FOR
DISASTER
RESILIENCE
ALTHOUGH INFREQUENT, RUSSIAS
NEXT WINDSTORM IS INEVITABLE
---SO, DONT WAIT
FOR ANOTHER
REMINDER OF THE
IMPORTANCE OF
BECOMING
WINDSTORM
DISASTER
RESILIENT.
STRATEGIC COLLABORATION
FOR BECOMINMG
WINDSTORM DISASTER
RESILIENT
STRATEGIES FOR WINDSTORM
DISASTER RESILIENCE
PURPOSE
MONITORING FOR
WARNING AND
EVACUATION

PROTECTION

TECHNIQIE
DOPPLER RADAR;
PLANES; DRONES;
SATTELITES; INTL
SPACE STATION
WIND-RESILIENT
CONSTRUCTION


STRATEGIES FOR WINDSTORM
DISASTER RESILIENCE
PURPOSE
LAND USE
CONTROL
COMMUNITY
PROTECTION

TECHNIQIE
COASTAL ZONE
MANAGEMENT
DIKES, LEVEES,
AND DAMS


STRATEGIES FOR WINDSTORM
DISASTER RESILIENCE
PURPOSE
TEMPORARY
SHELTER
INSURANCE and
(SELF-INSURANCE)
TECHNIQIE
SAFE HAVENS FOR
EVACUEES
FACILITATE
RECOVERY
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR
WINDSTORM DISASTER RESILIENCE
REAL TIME
FORECASTS OF PATH
AND PHYSICAL
EFFECTS
MEASUREMENT
TECHNOLOGIES (E.G.,
DOPPLER RADAR,
INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION)

DATABASES
WIND ENGINEERING
MAPS: STORM SURGE
DISASTER SCENARIOS
STORM CHASER
PLANES/DRONES
WARNING SYSTEMS
RISK MODELING (E.G.,
HAZUS, INSURANCE
UNDERWRITING)