Organizations generally divide a project into various project phases to
help management have better control over it and to coordinate the project activities with those of the organization. All the phases put together complete the project life cycle PROJECT PHASES: A project phase is a collection of related project activities, which results in the production of one or more major project deliverables . These phases are arranged in a sequence to enable better understanding of the project. A review of the performance of deliverables is conducted at the end of every project phase. to check that the project can proceed to the next phase to identify and correct mistakes in a cost-effective manner. All the activities of a project can be classified into 5 phases as shown below.the project phases and activities shown in them will be explained in detail later FIVE PHASES OF A PROJECT INITIATE PLAN ORGANIZE CONTROL CLOSE State the project Identify project activities Determine personnel needs Define management style Obtain client acceptence Identify project goals Estimate time & cost Recruit project manager Establish control tools Install deliverables List the objectives Sequence project activities Recruit project team Prepare status reports Document the project Determine preliminary resources Identify critical activities Organize project team Review project schedule Issue the final project Identify assumptions & risk Write project proposal Assign work packages Issue change orders Conduct post implementat ion audit
RECRUITME NT CRITERIA WORK PACKAGE DESCRIPTIO N WORK PACKAGE ASSIGNMEN TS VARIANCE REPORTS STATUS REPORTS STAFF ALLOCATION REPORTS FINAL REPORT AUDIT REPORT DELIVERABLES PROJECT LIFE CYCLE Project life cycle is a collection of generally sequential project phases. The number of project phases is determined by the control needs of the project organization. The project life cycle represents the linear progression of a project from defining the project , through developing a plan , implementing the plan and closing the project A project life cycle specifies: the technical work that must be carried out in various phases of the project The list of individuals and their roles in each phase of the project A typical construction project life cycle is shown in fig.. The control activities are carried out throughout the project PROJECT LIFE CYCLE CONSTRUCTION PROJECT CONCEPT PLANNING IMPLEMEN- CLOSING DEVELOPM- TATION ENT TIME IDENTIFY NEED FEASIBILITY STUDY COST, TECHNOLOG Y IDENTIFT ALTERNATIV ES PRESENT PROPOSAL APPROVAL TO PROCEED DEVELOP PLAN
CONDUCTST UDIES SELECT EQUIPMENT RECONFIR M ECONOMIES BUDGET FINANCING, SCHEDULE REASSESS RISK ,ALTERNATIV ES SET UP PROJECT ORGANIZATI ON, WORKING DESIGN SPECIFICATI ONS DESIGN REVIEW PROCURE SERVICES PRODUCE PHYSICAL ASSET QUALITY ASSURANCE TRAINING OPERATORS REVIEWS AND ACCEPTANCE S RUN UP TO CAPACITY TRANSFER MATERIAL SETTLE ALL ACCOUNTS RE-ASSIGN REMAINING TEAM
PRESENT PROJECT BRIEF OBTAIN APPROVAL TO PROCEED COTROL
PERFORMA NCE MEASUREM ENT INCORPOR ATE CHANGE REQUESTS PROGRESS MONITORIN G FREE COSTS & REPORTING DELIVER FACILITY
DOCUMENT LESSONS LEARNT CLOSE ALL RECORDS SUBMIT FINAL REPORT & TRANSFER RESPONSIBIL ITY THE PROJECT LIFE CYCLES OF MANY PROJECTS SHARE SOME COMMON CHARACTERISTICS the manpower and finances required in the intial stages of the project are low. They increase as the project progresses and gradually decrease as the project nears completion the project starts with a very low probability of success . The probability of success increases as the project passes through various phases and nears completion project stakeholders are very influential at the beginning of the project. Their influence decreases as the project progresses the cost of incorporating changes requests and correcting mistakes increase as the project comes to an end