Locating

Algorithm
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Locating Algorithm
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result
Initiations
Filtering
Sending the list
Auxiliary radio network
functions evaluations
Urgency Conditions
Basic Ranking
Organizing the list
Application reply
Penalty list
Measurment

Assignment to Another Cell
Hierarchical Cell Structures
Cell Load Sharing
Intra-cell Handover
Extended Range
Overlaid/Underlaid Subcells
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-Operates at call set-up, during which a traffic channel
is to be assigned.

-Handover from the SDCCH in originating cell directly
to a TCH in target cell.


-Target cell is either ranked better than the serving
cell in the locating evaluations, or worse.

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Assignment to Another Cell
Assignment to Better Cell
When the locating evaluations start at
an early stage in the call set-up
procedure, the locating evaluations
may find cells with a higher locating
ranking than the serving cell.
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Assignment to Worse Cell
If a mobile cannot connect to the
selected cell due to congestion,
assignment to a cell with a lower
locating ranking than the serving cell
can be recommended

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Parameters:
ASSOC : Turned ON/OFF Assignment to Another Cell

IBHOASS per BSC :Assignment to another BSC is allowed or
not.

AW :Worse cells can be candidates for assignment or not.

!!!!! At excessive Timing Advance (TA) urgency condition during
call set-up, it is always possible to do Assignment to Worse
Cell independent of the AW state.

AWOFFSET : the maximum range of the signal strength between
a congested serving cell and its neighbours

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CAND is set per neighbour cell relation:

AWN: the cell is a possible candidate at assignment to a better or
worse cell, but not at normal handover.
NHN: the cell is a possible candidate at assignment to better cell
and at normal handover.
BOTH: the cell is a possible candidate at assignment to a better
or worse cell and at normal handover.

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Parameters:
Hierarchical Cell Structures
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-Give priority to cells that are not strongest but provide sufficient
received signal strength.

-The priority of a cell is given by associating a layer to the cell


An example of how the layers and HCS bands can be
distributed

2 signal strength thresholds:

LAYERTHR :decides if the cell should be prioritized over
stronger cells in the same HCS band

HCSBANDTHR : decides if the cell should be
prioritized over stronger cells from other HCS bands

The lower the layer (and band), the higher the priority.

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Evaluation:

Cells (N or S) must fulfill the following:

SS
n
>= HCSBANDTHR
n
+ HCSBANDHYST
n

SS
s
>= HCSBANDTHR
s
- HCSBANDHYST
s

If they are strongest within the own band, then they are
regarded as prioritized.
The other cells are evaluated after the next criteria:

SS n >= LAYERTHR n + LAYERHYST n
SS s >= LAYERTHR s - LAYERHYST s

The strongest cell from each layer that fulfills this criteria is
regarded as a prioritized cell.
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Exemple:
The input to the HCS prioritized list is the Basic
Ranking list:

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Cells SS_DOWN Band Layer
G -68 3 4
E -72 3 3
B -73 2 2
A -74 2 1
C -75 3 3
F -78 2 1
D -98 2 2
HCSBANDTHR = -98
LAYERTHR = -92
HCSBANDHYST=LAYERHYST=2
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Cells SS_DOWN Band Layer
G -68 3 4
E -72 3 3
B -73 2 2
A -74 2 1
C -75 3 3
F -78 2 1
D -98 2 2
HCSBANDTHR
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Cells SS_DOWN Band Layer
G -68 3 4
E -72 3 3
B -73 2 2
A -74 2 1
C -75 3 3
F -78 2 1
D -98 2 2
Best in Band
HCSBANDTHR
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Cells SS_DOWN Band Layer
G -68 3 4
E -72 3 3
B -73 2 2
A -74 2 1
C -75 3 3
F -78 2 1
D -98 2 2
Best in Layer
HCSBANDTHR
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Cells SS_DOWN Band Layer
A -74 2 1
B -73 2 2
E -72 3 3
G -68 3 4
C -75 3 3
F -78 2 1
D -98 2 2
Prioritized cells
Not Prioritized cells
Cell Load Sharing
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Object: The Cell Load Sharing feature distributes the traffic load more
evenly in a network and reduces the probability of congestion in a cell.
It is limited to Traffic Channels (TCHs) carrying speech or data.

It consists of the following activities:

The traffic load level in the cells where CLS is activated is examined.


If the traffic load in a cell is above an acceptable level, the ranking
values in Locating are recalculated for every connection in the cell.


The handovers are carried out only if the receiving cells have a low
load and accept incoming handovers due to Cell Load Sharing.




If IFTC (s) CLSLEVEL :
1-Cell tries to rid itself of some traffic by initiating CLS handovers to
neighboring cells
2- The traffic load in the target cell is examined
3- if IFTC (N) >= CLSACC : cell will accept incoming CLS handovers from
other cells.





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IFTC : % Idle full rate traffic channels
CLSLEVEL : is given as the percentage of all idle full rate traffic
channels in the cell
CLSACC: given as a percentage in a cell, that cell will accept
incoming CLS handovers from other cells.
CLSSTATE: activate Cell Load Sharing

Evaluation:
Additional conditions
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Locating conditions:
Cell Load Sharing handover is not allowed during the assignment
procedure.
Cell Load Sharing handover is not allowed if there is an urgency
condition.

Conditions for the neighbouring cell:
Neighbouring cell must belong to the same BSC as the serving cell.
Neighbouring cell must belong to the same hierarchical layer as the
serving cell.
Incoming CLS handover must be allowed (parameter HOCLSACC ) for
the neighbouring cell.
Intra-cell Handover
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Provides a way of improving the speech quality during
a conversation.








If frequency hopping is not used: a channel on a
new frequency is selected as a first choice.

If frequency hopping is used: a channel on a new
timeslot is preferred.

If frequency hopping is used with more than one
channel group: a channel belonging to another
channel group than the one currently used, is
selected as a first choice of a new channel.

Where:
FQSS is the quality vs. signal strength function.
SSOFFSETUL and SSOFFSETDL are signal strength offset
QOFFSETUL and QOFFSETDL are quality offset parameters
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RXQUAL-UL > QOFFSETUL + FQSS( RXLEV_UL +
SSOFFSETUL)

Or

RXQUAL-DL > QOFFSETDL + FQSS( RXLEV_DL +
SSOFFSETDL)

Evaluation:
Extended Range
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Makes it possible to extend the radius of a cell from 35 km up to
a theoretical limit of 121 km.



The Extended Range is fully supported in RBS 2000 with core
TRU including GPRS traffic on single slots.


In RBS 200 the Extended Range feature is not supported.


The Extended Range is suitable to use in sparsely populated
area with low transmission loss, such as costal areas, deserts or
remote constructions.
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Two time slots are assigned to every connection instead of one


It is possible to serve mobile stations at a greater distance than
35 km

Since two time slots are assigned to every connection, the capacity
of the cell is decreased
Parameters:
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XRANGE switches the Extended Range feature on/off.

TALIM : the TA threshold for excessive TA urgency.

MAXTA : the TA threshold for call disconnection caused by excessive
TA.
Cell ranges for normal and extended range cells
Locating Algorithm
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result
Initiations
Filtering
Sending the list
Auxiliary radio network
functions evaluations
Urgency Conditions
Basic Ranking
Organizing the list
Application reply
Penalty list
Measurment


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Organizing the list
Optimizing HO Performance
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Frequency plan, especially for the BCCH carriers
Values of the hysteresis
Filter lengths
BSIC planning
Length of the active mode BA list,
Defined neighbours,
Parameters controlling timing advance and bad quality urgency
handover
Parameters controlling Assignment to Other Cell
Layer thresholds when more than one hierarchical layer is used.