Presentation

on
NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
SUBMITTED BY:
Aman Saini
1710675

In a nuclear power station instead of furnace, there is

a nuclear reactor, in which heat is generated by
splitting atoms of radioactive material under suitable
conditions.

These splitting or nuclear fission of material like

uranium (U), Plutonium(Pu),has opened up a new
source of power of great importance. The heat
produced due to fission is used to heat up water to
generate steam which is used for running
turbogenerators.
INTRODUCTION

uclear fuel is any material that can be consumed to

derive nuclear energy. The most common type of
nuclear fuel is fissile elements that can be made to
undergo nuclear fission chain reactions in a nuclear
reactor

The most common nuclear fuels are !"#U and

!"$Pu. ot all nuclear fuels are used in fission chain
reactions.
NUCLEAR FUEL

When a neutron strikes an atom of

uranium the uranium s!"its into t#o
"i$hter atoms an% re"eases heat
simu"taneous"&'

(ission of hea)& e"ements is an e*othermi+

rea+tion #hi+h +an re"ease "ar$e amounts
of ener$& ,oth as e"e+troma$neti+
ra%iation an% as kineti+ ener$& of the
fra$ments
NUCLEAR FISSION

% chain reaction refers to a process in which neutrons

released in fission produce an additional fission in at
least one further nucleus. This nucleus in turn
produces neutrons, and the process repeats. If the
process is controlled it is used for nuclear power or if
uncontrolled it is used for nuclear weapons.

&inetic energy of fission fragments' ()*

&inetic energy of fission neutrons ' !.#*

+adioactive decay energy ' ,-.# *

.amma rays from fission products ' "*

NUCLEAR CHAIN REACTIONS
U235 / n 0 fission / ! or " n / !-- 1e2

If each neutron releases two more neutrons, then

the number of fissions doubles each generation. In
that case, in ,- generations there are ,,-!) fissions
and in (- generations about 3 4 ,- 23 (a mole)
fissions.

% nuclear reactor is a device in which nuclear chain

reactions are initiated, controlled, and sustained at a
steady rate, as opposed to a nuclear bomb, in which
the chain reaction occurs in a fraction of a second and
is uncontrolled causing an e4plosion.
NUCLEAR REACTOR

Shie"%in$

-ontro" ro%

-oo"ant

Mo%erator
BASIC COMPONENTS OF NUCLEAR
POWER PLANT

% steam turbine is a mechanical device that e4tracts

thermal energy from pressuri5ed steam, and converts
it into useful mechanical.

2arious high6performance alloys and super alloys

have been used for steam generator tubing.
STEAM TURBINE

The coolant pump pressuri5es the coolant to

pressures of the order of ,##bar.

The pressure of the coolant loop is maintained almost

constant with the help of the pump and a pressuri5er
unit.
COOLANT PUMP

7team coming out of the turbine, flows through the

condenser for condensation and recirculate for the
ne4t cycle of operation.

The feed pump circulates the condensed water in the

working fluid loop.
FEED PUMP

8ondenser is a device or unit which is used to

condense vapor into li9uid.

The ob:ective of the condenser are to reduce the

turbine e4haust pressure to increase the efficiency
and to recover high 9uality feed water in the form of
condensate ; feed back it to the steam generator
without any further treatment.
CONDENSER

8ooling towers are heat removal devices used to

transfer process waste heat to the atmosphere.

<ater circulating through the condenser is taken to

the cooling tower for cooling and reuse.
COOLING TOWER

uclear power generation does emit relatively low amounts

of carbon dio4ide (8=!). The emissions of green house
gases and therefore the contribution of nuclear power
plants to global warming is therefore relatively little.

% small amount of matter creates a large amount of energy'

It is possible to generate a high amount of electrical energy

in one single plant
ADVANTAGES

The problem of radioactive waste is still

an unsolved one.

>igh risks? It is technically impossible

to build a plant with ,--* security.

uclear plants are more e4pensive to

build and maintain.
DISADVANTAGES