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Kuliah Minggu ke-13

AMINA
OUTLINE
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1.Golongan dan Ikatan Amina
2.Tata Nama Amina
3.Sifat & Reaksi2 Amina
Introduction
Amina adalah senyawa organik yang merupakan
turunan dari ammonia dengan satu/lebih
alkil/aryl yang terikat pada atom nitrogen.
Peran Amina dalam kehidupan:
Bioregulasi
Neutro-transmisi


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Golongan Amina
Amina dapat diklasisfikasikan menjadi 3 golongan yaitu :
Primer Sekunder
Tersier
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Aliphatic Amine
Aromatic Amine
AMINA
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Aliphatic Amine
Semua karbon terikat
langsung pada nitrogen
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Aromatic Amine
Satu atau lebih grup (aril
grup) yang terikat langsung
pada atom Nitrogen
Tata Nama Amina
Common Names:
followed by the suffix-amine,
if more than one, use prefixes di, -tri
Example:


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Other Names
The-NH

group is called the amino group. It is
treated like any other substituent, with a
number or other symbol indicating its position
on the ring or carbon chain
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By historical names
Example : phenyl amine is called aniline (its
derivatives are named as derivatives of
aniline)
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IUPAC
Similar to alcohol
The longest chain of the carbon atom determines the
root name
The-e in alkane is changed to amine
The number shows the position of amino group
Other substituent, give number or prefix N
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Sifat Amina
Sangat Polar
Gugus amina primer dan sekunder dapat membentuk ikatan
hidrogen karena memiliki ikatan N-H, sedangkan amina tersier
tidak.
Titik Didih
Primer & sekunder < alkohol
Primer & sekunder > eter (utk BM yg sama)
Tersier < Primer & sekunder utk BM yg sama
Kelarutan
Amina cenderung untuk larut pada alkohol dan air disebabkan oleh
terbentuknya ikatan hidrogen pada pelarut hidroksilik (air dan
alkohol)


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BASICITY OF AMINES
Like ammonia, all amines are weak bases and
aqueous solutions of amines are basic.
The following acid-base reaction between
amine and water is written using curved
arrows to emphasize that, in this proton-
transfer reaction, the unshared of electron
on Nitrogen forms a new covalent bond with
hydrogen and displace hydroxide ion:
Methylamine + H
2
O Methylammonium
hydroxide
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The acid-base properties of amines
1. All aliphatic amines have about the same
strength, pK
b
3 4 amd are slightly sronger
bases than ammonia
2. Aromatic amines and heterocyclic amines are
considerably weaker bases than are aliphatic
amines
3. Page 286
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Reaction With Acid
Reaction between (R)-nor epinephrine or
nor adrenaline with aqueous HCl to form
a hydrochloride salt
All amines react quantitatively with
strong acids to form water-soluble salt
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Reduction of The-NO
2

group
An NO
2
group on aromatic ring can be reduced
to an amino group by catalytic hydrogenation
or by treatment with a metal and HCl,
followed by a strong base to liberate the free
amine
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Reaction of primary aromatic
amines with nitrous acid
Primary aromatic amine: aniline
benzenediazodium chloride
Able to convert aromatic amine to phenol
Another example at page 293
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Conclusion
Amines are classified as primary, secondary or
tertiary
Amines are polar compounds,
Have lower BP than alcohols of comparable
MW and structures
All classes of amine form hydrogen bond with
water and are more soluble in water
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