Ch 20: The Blood

Discuss the composition of blood including the

functions of the various components
Explain the anatomy and functions of the red blood cells,
including a description of blood typing
Discuss the types of white blood cells found in the blood
and give the functions of each
Give a brief accounting of the platelets
Review hemopoiesis, including RBC and
leukocyte formation
Functions of Blood
Distribution - nutrients, wastes,
hormones, gases, etc.
Self-sealing hemostasis
Disease/ infection fighting
Blood = connective tissue
extracellular
matrix:
Plasma
specialized cells:
(= Formed elements)
RBCs
WBCs
Platelets
color ?
volume ?
Plasma Composition
Water 92%
Plasma proteins 7%
Other solutes 1%
Transports organic and
inorganic molecules,
formed elements, and heat
Plasma Proteins
Albumin (60%) Major contributor to osmotic
concentration of plasma. Transport of lipids
and steroid hormones
Globulins (35%) Transport ions, hormones,
lipids; immune function
Fibrinogen (4%) Essential component of
clotting system (conversion to insoluble
fibrin)
Regulatory proteins (< 1%) ????
Other Solutes
Electrolytes: Normal extracellular
fluid ion composition (????)
Organic nutrients: glucose, FA,
AA
Organic wastes: urea, bilirubin
Difference between Plasma and Interstitial Fluid :
Plasma has more:
Dissolved O
2
O
2
diffuses out into tissue
Dissolved proteins (too big to cross caps.)
Albumins
Globulins
globulins
and globulins
Fibrinogen
Similar concentration: Salts & small molecules
serum = plasma -
Difference between
plasma and serum?
. . . . 2 more things:
Most plasma proteins are made in
liver. Exception: ?
Lipoproteins = particles containing
lipids (cholesterol & triglycerids) and
proteins (albumins & globulins)
Formed Elements
Red and White
Blood Cells
Platelets

Platelets
WBCs
RBCs
.1%
99.9%
Formed Elements cont.
Why white blood cells???
RBCs = Erythrocytes
Measured by hematocrit or PCV
Most abundant blood cell: 1000
RBCs/1 WBC
Contain hemoglobin, carry O2
Very regular shape - biconcave discs
Anucleate: Lifespan ~ 120 days
replacement rate ~ 3 mio RBCs / sec
Hemopoiesis = Blood Cell Formation
Hemocytoblasts: One type of stem cell for all blood cells
In red bone marrow
. . . then differentiation
into 4 types of
progenitor stem cells:
Erythroblast
Myeloblast
Monoblast
Lymphoblast

Fig 20.8