 Presented by

 Ch. Indira Naidu (1224108213)

(
 Vivita (1224108259)
(
 Lawi Anupam (1224108221)
(
 Y.V.K. Prasad (1224108261)
 Rakesh I (1224108231)
 S.SANKEERTHY

GITAM INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL

BUSINESS
VISAKHAPATNAM
 Ch.Indira naidu
(1224108213)
Green revolution
 Green revolution

 Impact of green revolution

- Food grains production increased from 7 million tonnes

(1966-67)
to 217.28 million tonnes (2006-07)

- Basmati rice exports increased from 0.47 million tonnes in

1996-97 to 1.18 million tonnes in 2007-08

- Non basmati rice exports increased from 28,422 tonnes in

1987-89 to 5.3 million tonnes in 2007-08.

- Wheat production increased from nearly 12.3 million metric

tonnes in 1964-65 to 78.4 million metric tonnes

- Resulted in retail revolution

- Indian fertilizer industry capacity increased from 6000MT to

207.52KMT and India became the 3rd largest producer of fertilizer
in the world.
 Targets for future
 By 2020, India has got to increase productivity above 340 million
tonnes of food grains in view of population growth.

 Targets for exports

-Apeda has set an 11th Plan target of Rs 36,510 crore by 2011-12

 Increase the non –basmati rice production from 5.3 mt to 120 mt by 2020

Second Green revolution

 Transformation of dry lands
*Cost effective check dams
*Lift irrigation systems
ex: ‘Sadguru’ in Dahod district in Gujarat

 ICRISAT lays special emphasis on five dry land crops

sorghum,pearl millet, groundnut, chickpea and pigeon pea

 Focusing on fruits and vegetables, can double agricultural growth

to 4% per year
 Third Green revolution:Linking
farmers to markets
Number of Wholesale, Rural,Primary  Whole -Sale - 6503, Rural primary - 20887
Regulated markets in India  Principal - 2478, Sub market Yards - 5088 (as on 31/
31/03/
03/2008)
2008)
(only 286 regulated markets in 1950)

Present constraints
1)Farmers have small marketable surplus
fee
2)Restrictions on sale of produce outside
the regulated markets
3)Lack of standardization , grading & certification
4)High cost of transport& marketing
5)Inadequate infrastructure
6)Limited access to information on
domestic &overseas markets

Strengthen the role of innovative institutions

 Incentives
- favourable agri business climate
- amend the age old acts (ECA;APMC)
- FDI in retail chain
 Infrastructure
- roads and electrification
- role of ICT
 Contd..
 Institutions
- market oriented land reform * contract
farming,cooperatives
- strengthen R&D  * production , post-harvest &
processing
* role of biotechnology
- financial and insurance institution

Successful Interventions
 Modernization of whole sale markets/newmarkets
- Safal market in Karnataka
- various central schemes & Agri-marts under MAPB (WB)
 Marketing & distribution
- ITC e-chupal, Haryani kisaan bajar, Mahindra Shubh-Labh,
Cargill Farm Gate Business, TATA Kisan Sansar
 Commodity exchanges
- National Commodity & Derivatives exchange Limited(NCDEL)
- Multi Commodity Exchange Limited (MCX)
- National Electronic Spot Exchange Ltd.
 The Food Retail revolution in India

 The Indian retail market, is the 5th largest retail destination

globally

 Estimated to grow from $330 bn in 2007 to $ 637 bn by 2015.

 Reliance alone plans to invest over US$5.5 Billion in its retail

venture, targeting sales of $22 Billion in five years

 The Aditya Birla Group may invest upwards of US$3 billion to set
up 6,000 stores within three years

 Pantaloon Retail's Food Bazaar is currently the largest

supermarket operator in India by value.

 The government allows 100% foreign direct investment (FDI) in

cash & carry through the automatic route and 51% in single brand
 Vinita
259
CONTRACT FARMING
Overview:
Farmer enters into a contract with a processing/marketing
firm to supply a pre-arranged quantity and quality of
produce at a pre-arranged price and time .

Legal Provision for contract farming:

Agriculture Produce Marketing Committee Act (2003)
 Mandi tax abolished
 Farmer can sell their product any where in contry
 17 states approved amendments.

.
Partial List Of Companies Following Contract
Farming

Company Crops State

1. Rallis Basmati,wheat,fruit Punjab,U.P,M.P,
s, vegetables Maharashtra
2. DFV Fruits &vegetable Gujarat
3. Mahindra Sulabh Many crops Maharashtra,Punj
ab
4. Dabur Medical plants A.P, H.P
&herbs
5. United Breweries Barley Punjab
6. Nijjer Agro Foods Ltd Tomato,chilly Punjab
7. HLL Wheat Madhya Pradesh
8. Appachi Cotton Cotton Tamilnadu
Company
 CONTRACT FARMING IN
PUNJAB
 Main focus on diversification of crops
 Crops being promoted season wise under are: -
Hyola ,Barley,Spring maize,Basmati paddy
 Due to fast increase in cultivation area substantial jump in Minimum
Support Price.
 Punjab State Agriculture Marketing Board has reduced taxes and
levies on Contract Farming

 FUTURE PLANS
PAFC has planned to undertake contract farming on an area of
246000 acres in the 2008-09
 PepsiCo
 Introduced high-yielding basmati rice, mangoes, potatoes, chillies, peanuts
and barley
 Launched 5-year program with the Punjab Government
 IMPACT
• Production of tomato in the state of Punjab, went up to 200,000 MT, from
28,000MT.
• Technology spread to non Pepsi growers
• Fresh market prices for tomato dropped, with increased availability.
• Chilli yields increased from 2.5 MT to 9 MT per acre.
• Move to contract farming of other crops - Groundnut, Basmati & non Basmati
paddy
• Pepsi with Frito-Lay have been attempting to provide a win –win market linked
self sustaining contract farming model.
• Production increased 5 times under Pepsi co contract farming since 2000.
• They provided insurance,bank services and attractive buy prices.
NEW VENTURES
 Reliance Industries is going to acquire over 2,000 acres for
its contract farming venture in Karnataka, which could
emerge as one of its hubs for farm produce exports.

 Cadbury India will triple its investment for cocoa cultivation

in Andhra Pradesh and Tamilnadu

 Gujarat based Desai Fruit`s and Vegetables has more than

2,500 acres of land under contract farming of which 800
acres is under banana cultivation in 2008

 Contract farming of Jatropha shrub in 40,000 hectares of

wasteland in north-east India for biodiesel.

 United Breweries Ltd is investing in contract farming of

malting barley in Punjab and have decided to invest in
southern states to grow more barley to meet growth of the
Indian beer market .
 Lawi Anupam
COTTON RollNo:1224108221

 One of the principal commercial crops also referred as

‘White Gold’.

 Contributes 30% of the country’s domestic production,

14% to industrial production and 4 % to GDP.

 Four species of cotton

– Asian cotton
– Egyptian cotton
– American upland cotton
– Hybrid cotton or genetically modified (GM) cotton i.e. Bt cotton:
First planted commercially in nine countries including India. Its
significance is that showed a high level of resistance from cotton
bollworm.
 COTTON CULTIVATION
 About 9 million hectares of land in India is under cotton production.

 Cotton producing areas for commercial purpose in India are:

North zone: Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan.
Central zone: Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat.
South zone: Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu.

 Percentage of cotton grown in areas which contribute for commercial

purpose:
Maharashtra – 26.63%
Gujarat – 17.96%
Andhra Pradesh – 13.75%

 In India area increased from 86.77 lakh hectares to 91.58 lakh hectares
with a production of 270 lakh bales during 2006-07.

 The area under Bt cotton has increased from 38,038 hectares in 2002-03
to 37.21 lakh hectares in 2006-07 in India.
 EXPORT OF COTTON
• World’s leading cotton exporters: United States, Uzbekistan, Australia,
India, Brazil, China, Pakistan and Turkey.

• Some of the major cotton exporting companies in India are :

Asha Cotton Industries : Gujarat
Sri Santhalakshmi Mills (P) Ltd. : Tamil Nadu
Kishan cotton ginning and pressing factory : Gujarat
Punjab Enterprises : Punjab
 Surya Spinners : Maharashtra
S. B. & Sons Steel Co. : Maharashtra
M/s Galaxy International : Uttar Pradesh
Diamond Exports : Haryana, India
Agra Dhurrie Bhandar Exports : Uttar Pradesh

• In 2006-07, India exported 50 lakh bales of cotton due to increased productivity.

• India's share in the world cotton trade has increased from 8 per cent in 2005-06
to 12 percent in 2006-07.
 IMPORT OF COTTON
Major top 10 importing countries:
Country Quantity
(in thousand tonnes)
 China 1,901.1
 Turkey 585.1
 Indonesia 448.7
 Mexico 398.1
 Thailand 358.4
 Pakistan 330.4
 Russia 308.1
 South Korea 268.8
 Italy 208.7
 Cotton consumption (million tonnes), by main countries, 1980/81-2009/10

Source: UNCTAD secretariat, based on: "Cotton: World Statistics -

International Cotton Advisory Committee (ICAC)"
 GOVERNMENT INITIATIVE
Technology Mission on Cotton (TMC) :
• Launched in February, 2000 .
• Objective is to improve the yield and quality of cotton, to increase the income
of the cotton growers, providing better facilities by upgrading/ modernizing
the existing ginning and pressing factories .

• To fulfill the above objectives 4 Mini Missions are established under TMC as
follows:
Mini Mission Objective Nodal Agency
I Cotton Research and Technology Indian Council of 
generation Agriculture Research

II Transfer of Technology and Ministry of Agriculture

Development
III Improvement of Marketing Ministry of Textiles
infrastructure
IV Modernisation/Upgradation of G & P Ministry of Textiles
Factories
 SUGAR BUSINESS
Y.V.K.PRASAD-
PRODUCTION 1224108261

 India is in the second position, producing nearly 27 million tones.

 Consuming of sugar is highest in India which is 14% of worldwide
production.
 (CAGR) consumption growth rate from 1997-2006 is
ASIA – 3.05%
AFRICA – 3.01%
INDIA -- 2%
 1/3rd of production is only coming from 4 countries
INDIA, BRAZIL, U.S & CHINA
 Total global production in 2007 is 165.508MT
 Total global consumption in 2007 is 155.220MT
SUGAR PRODUCERS IN INDIA:

* Bannari Amman Group ,one of the largest Industrial

Conglomerates in South India
* M.B. Sugars and Pharmaceuticals Ltd. , a leading
manufacturer of specialty sugars in INDIA
* Rajshree Sugars & Chemicals Limited (RSCL)
- listed on NSE and BSE
* Rana Sugars Ltd
- Project to produce extra power from the Bagasse
(bye-product)
and export it to PSEB.
* Sakthi Sugars , capacity of over 12,750 tones of cane
crush per day.
* Shree Renuka Sugars Limited
* Triveni ,one of the largest sugar producers in India.
COGENERATION
 For next 25 years India needs 3 lacs mega watts.
 Indian govt is giving loans to sugar factories to
encourage the generation of power projects.
 For that energy generation from the sugar is low
cost and low pollution than gas and coal.
 Crushing capacity of India is 5000MT per day.
 The gross heating value is 2400 kcal/kg which is
from fibrous waste.
 Surplus of sugar demand in market, many
countries are encouraging sugar bio-fuel
companies.
INDIAN SCENARIO

 In India largest cane producing states are

 U.P.-47.3%, Maharashtra-13.2%

 India’s largest sugar production states are

 Maharahstra – 27%, U.P. – 30%

 Indian govt. introduced SMP (statutory

minimum price). Basic recovery is 8.5%
 EXPORTS:

 India is exporting 4 million tones, which is

4% of India’s total production.
 Brazil is exporting 56% of their
production.
 Australia is exporting 72% of their
production.
 India sugar growth dipped by 23%
 By importing raw sugar, India is exporting
one million tone of finished white sugar.
 Agribusiness: Cashew Industry
in INDIA
Cashew production has been fluctuating during theRakesh I 08231
recent years.

Production
 Largest producer Maharashtra
 Coastal states.

India was the first country to build up a processing industry

The Indian cashew kernel is highly appreciated in other countries for

good

quality, taste, and appearance; and is consumed in more than 60

countries

across the world.

The second most important traded dessert nut .

Problems faced
 Quality has become a major problem.

 Cashew is not regulated by an autonomous board.

 India’s processing capacity

 Exceeds its production of raw nuts
 Only half processed in the country are produced domestically .

 Fall in international price of cashew and the recent rise in rupee value are

bound to affect export adversely.

 Land Ceiling laws.

TOP CASHEW NUT PRODUCERS
COUNTRY PRODUCTION (in
TONNES)
Vietnam 961000
Nigeria 660000
India 620000
Brazil 176384
Indonesia 146000
Philippines 118000

WORLD 3186039
Facts and Figures

In India – about 70 percent of cashews are grown by small-scale farmers

The remaining 30 percent are grown under re-forestation programmes .

Cashew yields in India average around 1.5 kg of nuts per tree .

The potential yield of cashew is 10-15 kg per tree under optimum conditions .

The number of cashew processing units in India has increased from 170 in
1959 to over 700 today two-thirds of which are in the State of Kerala.

These units have a processing capacity of over 8,00,000 tonnes per year and
provide employment to over 5,00,000 people, of which majority are women

The industry is dominated by small-scale, single-owner or family-owned

businesses.
 Global trade trends
Cashews rank third in world production of edible nuts that are traded
globally

As a major importer of cashew, the USA has a strong influence over

the world price, which is fixed in US$ per pound (1 pound = 0.45kg).

Cashew kernels are usually the second or third most expensive nuts
traded in
the United States

India also has a long tradition and good reputation as a high quality
processor
of cashew.
 S.SANKEERTHY

Technical Innovation in
AGRICULTURE
 The progress made by agriculture in the last four
decades has been one of the biggest success stories
of free India .

 Agriculture and allied activities constitute the

single largest contributor to the Gross Domestic
Product, almost 33% of it.

 Agriculture is the means of livelihood of about

two--thirds or 67% of the work force in the
country

 Technology in classical sense.

 Many organisations are coming up to help farmers in
agriculture technically.

 ITC’s e-choupal aims to provide farmers ready access to

crop specific real time information and customized
knowledge.

 Primary access points – INTERNET KIOSKS.

 States covered now are 10.Villages covered are 40,000.

 In the next 5 years it is planning to cover 15 villages and

1lakh villages.
 INFITA-International network
for IT in agriculture.

 JITAg- Peer reviewed journal of INFITA.

 AFITA 2006 Fifth conference of the Asian

Federation for Information Technology in
Agricultural, Bangalore, India .

 e-sagu- The eSagu system is being developed by

IIIT, Hyderabad and Media Lab Asia.

 IT based personalized informational dissemination

system to deliver Agri/Horticultural Experts' advice,
afresh, in a personalized manner to each individual
farmer at his farm's gate.
The part of eSagu System
 The evaluation study shows that the e-Sagu
farmers accumulated benefits worth about Rs.
3,820/- per acre in monitory terms with cost
to benefit ratio 1:3..

 The turnaround time for advice delivery is

24-36 hours.

 It shows a great promise in the era of

globalization, as it can provide the expert
advice that is crucial to the Indian farmer to
harvest different kinds of crops based on the
demand in the world market with quality and
assurance.
 DISC:The Agriculture Data and Information
Services Center (DISC) is part of the NASA
Earth Science Division Applied Sciences
Program.

 Project goals