Abnormal Psychology, Eighth Edition by Gerald C. Davison and John M. Neale Lecture notes created by Paul J. Wellman, Texas !M "niversity Po#erPoint Lecture Notes Presentation Chapter 3 Classification and Diagnosis "h # 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psycholoy, !e Dia$nostic %ystems & Dia$nostic systems assume that abnormality can be detected and classi'ied by clusters o' sym(toms and si$ns ) *ach cluster is thou$ht to re'lect a di''erent disorder ) *ach cluster may re+uire a di''erent treatment "h #.$ 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psycholoy, !e D%M,-. Classi'ication %ystem & D%M,-. /Dia$nostic and %tatistical Manual0 is a revised dia$nostic classi'ication system created by the merican Psychiatric ssociation & D%M,-. ma1es use o' 2 distinct axes to classi'y a disorder & D%M,-. #as desi$ned to more accurately classi'y (sychiatric disorder /relative to earlier D%M versions0 "h #.2 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psycholoy, !e 3ive xes o' D%M,-. A%IS D&S"'IP(I)N I All ca*eories e+ce,* ,ersonali*y disorder and men*al re*arda*ion II Personali*y disorders and men*al re*arda*ion III -eneral medical condi*ions I. Psychosocial and environmen*al ,roblems . "/rren* level o0 0/nc*ionin "h #.# 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psycholoy, !e 4vervie# o' D%M,-. Cate$ories & Disorders usually 'irst dia$nosed in in'ancy, childhood or adolescence ) -nvolve early emotional5intellectual disorder & %ubstance,related disorders ) -n$estion o' a dru$ im(airs social5occu(ational 'unctionin$ & %chi6o(hrenia ) -nvolves 'aulty contact #ith reality ) May involve delusions /disordered thou$hts0 "h #.1a 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psycholoy, !e & Mood disorders ) -nvolve lar$e s#in$s in emotional a''ect & nxiety disorders ) -nvolve some 'orm o' irrational or overblo#n 'ear & %omato'orm disorders ) -nvolve (hysical sym(toms that have no 1no#n (hysiolo$ical cause & Dissociative disorders ) -nvolve a sudden alteration o' consciousness that a''ects memory and identity "h #.1b 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psycholoy, !e & %exual5$ender identity disorders ) -nvolve dys'unction or discom'ort #ith sexual 'unction or identity & %lee( disorders ) -nvolve disturbance in amount o' slee( or events durin$ slee( & *atin$ disorders ) -nvolve under, or over,eatin$ & 3actitious disorder ) -nvolved in (ersons #ho (roduce or com(lain o' (sycholo$ical sym(toms /sic1 role0 "h #.1c 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psycholoy, !e & -m(ulse control disorder ) -nvolve several conditions in #hich a (erson7s behavior is ina((ro(riate or out o' control & Personality disorders ) -nvolve endurin$, in'lexible and malada(tive (atterns o' behavior and inner ex(erience & 4ther conditions that may be the 'ocus o' clinical attention "h #.1d 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psycholoy, !e Classi'ication Criti+ues & Classi'ication systems do not al#ays ca(ture the uni+ueness o' a (erson & Classi'ication systems may em(hasi6e trivial similarities bet#een abnormal conditions & Classi'ication may result in a label that is harm'ul to the (erson "h #.2 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psycholoy, !e Classi'ication -ssues & Cate$orical classi'ication is #hen a system ma1es a yes5no decision as to the (resence5absence o' a disorder ) %chi6o(hrenic5not schi6o(hrenic & Dimensional classi'ication involves ran1in$ o' a (erson alon$ a +uantitative dimension ) Dimensional can include a cuto'' (oint that #ill yield a cate$orical classi'ication "h #.3 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psycholoy, !e ssessment -ssues & 8eliability re'ers to the extent to #hich a measurement system yields similar values #ith re(eated measures o' an ob9ect or entity ) -nterrater reliability examines the de$ree o' a$reement 'or t#o raters o' the same ob9ect & Construct validity evaluates the extent to #hich accurate (redictions can be made about a cate$ory once it has been 'ormed "h #.4 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psycholoy, !e Co(yri$ht Co(yri$ht :;;; by John Wiley ! %ons, Ne# <or1, N<. ll ri$hts reserved. No (art o' the material (rotected by this co(yri$ht may be re(roduced or utili6ed in any 'orm or by any means, electronic or mechanical, includin$ (hotoco(yin$, recordin$ or by any in'ormation stora$e and retrieval system, #ithout #ritten (ermission o' the co(yri$ht o#ner.