HEART

AND
ITS STRUCTURE
SUBMITTED BY SUBMITTED TO
DIVYA SIVADASAN DIVYA.S
NATURAL SCIENCE (LECTURER)
13375010

In human being heart is situated in thoracic cavity
under the breast bone and between the lungs.

A persons heart generally as large as his/her fist .
It is 12cm long and 9cm wide and weigh 300gm.
It is surrounded by a double layered membrane
called pericardium. In between these layer is a
fluid called pericardial fluid.
BLOOD VESSELS ARISING FROM
HEART
Blood vessels that carry blood to the
heart are Veins
Blood vessels that bring blood to heart
from different parts of the body are
Arteries
Pulmonary vein, Superior Vena Cava,
Inferior Vena Cava, Pulmonary artery



CHAMBERS IN THE HEART
Heart has four chambers.
The upper two chambers are right
atrium and left atrium.
The lower chambers are right ventricle
and left ventricle.
The atria and ventricles are separated
by muscular wall.
VALVES PRESENT IN THE HEART
Valve in between right atrium and right
ventricle is Tricuspid valve.
Valve in between left atrium and right
ventricle is Bicuspid valve.
The opening of the aorta from the left
ventricle are guarded by valves called
Semilunar valves.
The right half of the heart contains only
deoxygenated blood or impure blood.
The left half of the heart contains
oxygenated blood or pure blood.
The wall of the ventricles are thicker
than atria.
Left ventricles are thick because it
supplies oxygenated blood to whole
body.

WORKING OF THE HEART
From different parts of the body blood reaches to
right atrium through superior and inferior vena
cava.
From lungs oxygenated blood reaches to left
atrium through Pulmonary vein.
When blood reaches the atrium, it contracts
blood enters the ventricle.
When ventricle contracts, deoxygenated blood in
the right ventricle enters the lungs through
pulmonary artery
When ventricle contracts, deoxygenated blood
in the right ventricle enters the lungs through
pulmonary artery.
Blood gets oxygenated in the lungs.
Oxygenated blood in left ventricle reaches
different parts of the body through Aorta.
This blood release oxygen and receive carbon
dioxide .
Then it reaches right atrium through vena
cava and the process continues.
HEART BEAT
Contraction of heart is known as Systole.
Relaxation of heart is known as diastole.
A Systole and Diastole constitute Heart
Beat.
The normal beat rate is 72 per minute.
The time taken for one contraction and
relaxation of the heart is 0.8 seconds.

BLOOD PRESSURE
As the heart contracts and pushes the blood, the
pressure causes the arteries to distend to
accommodate the incoming blood. This pressure is
called Systolic pressure (120mm/hg).
When the ventricle relaxes, the pumping of blood
into the arteries stops. This pressure is called
Diastolic pressure (80mm/hg).
It can be measured by an instrument called
Sphygmanometer.