WATER POLLUTION

MILLATH COLLEGE OF TEACHER

EDUCATION
SOORANAD

Submitted to:
Divya Teacher
NATURAL SCIENCE

WATER POLLUTION
Water is one of the most abundant compounds on Earth.
About 75% of the Earths surface is covered with water.
The three main types of water sources are -:
Surface water
Ground water
Salty water
Unfortunately, we have been constantly polluting our
rivers, seas, and other water bodies.

WATER POLLUTION
Causes of Water Pollution
The main causes of water pollution are -:
Discharge of untreated industrial and domestic
sewage in to water bodies.
Bathing animals, washing clothes, etc., in or near
lakes, rivers, etc., dirties these water bodies.
Oil leaks from ferry boats and ships leave a trail of oil
on the water surface and pollute rivers and oceans.
Inorganic pesticides and chemical fertilizers used by
farmers drain into water bodies by a process called
leaching. As a result, certain pesticides such as DDT
can enter the bodies of aquatic animals and
eventually reach human beings by the way of food
chains.
Causes of Water Pollution
Effects of Water Pollution - 1
Industrial wastes discharged into the waters contain a lot of
toxic substances that make water unfit for drinking and
bathing.
Untreated domestic sewage, when released into water
bodies, becomes a breeding ground for a number of
organisms that cause water-borne diseases.
Oil spills are very harmful to aquatic animals, and lead to
destruction of marine life. The cleaning up process also
causes a lot of damage to marine habitat.
Pollution of water also leads to a reduction in the
number of aquatic plants and animals due to
destruction of habitat and nesting places.

Effects of Water Pollution

Prevention of Water Pollution

Some steps to prevent water pollution are-:
1.) Bathing and washing clothes near water bodies
such as lakes, ponds, and rivers should be avoided.
2.) Domestic and industrial sewage wastes should be
treated to remove toxic substances before being
released into water bodies.
3.) Pollution-control rules enforced by the
government should be followed strictly.
4.) Use of eco-friendly fertilizers and herbicides
should be encouraged.
Purification of Water - 1
Water supplied in our homes generally comes from
rivers and is contaminated with suspended
impurities like sand, silt, and clay; soluble
impurities like salts; and also microorganisms.
Water, therefore, has to be cleaned in big
purification plants before it reaches our homes. The
three main processes that water undergoes during
purification are sedimentation, filtration, and
chlorination .
Various methods to purify water
Filtration The process of removal of insoluble impurities
by passing impure water through a filter paper is called
filtration.
Sedimentation and decantation In this method, impure
water is allowed to stand undisturbed in a container, which
allows insoluble impurities such as mud to settle to the
bottom as sediments. This process is called sedimentation.
Clean water can thereafter be transferred into a clean
container by the process of decantation.
Distillation In this method, impure water is first heated to
its boiling point to convert water into steam. The
impurities are left behind in the container. The steam is
then passed through a condenser, where it cools and
changes back into liquid water.



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