SMK JALAN EMPAT, BANDAR BARU BANGI,

MALAYSIA

HAVE YOU COME ACROSS SUCH KIDS BEFORE?

Wonder Why???
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity
Disorder (ADHD) is a common
neurobiological condition
affecting 58% of school-age
children and 4% of adults.




ADHD is a condition that makes it
unusually difficult for kids to concentrate
on tasks, to pay attention, to sit still, and
to control impulsive behaviour.
In 1902 a British paediatrician Sir George Still described this
condition as an abnormal defect of moral control in
children.

In 1952, the APA issued the first Diagnostic and Statistical
Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). This manual listed all of
the recognized mental disorders but the APA did not
recognize ADHD.
In 1968, a second DSM was published, which included
hyperkinetic impulse disorder for the first time.

in 1980 The APA released a third edition of the DSM
(DSM-III) . They changed the name of the disorder from
hyperkinetic impulse disorder to attention deficit
disorder (ADD).

Scientists believed hyperactivity was not a common
symptom of the disorder. This listing created two
subtypes of ADD:
-ADD with hyperactivity (ADHD)
-ADD without hyperactivity
If you think you have ADHD or if you have a child who has
been diagnosed with ADHD the best course of action is to
learn the facts, know what ADHD is and what it isnt.
Hyperactive / impulsive
Inattentive
Combined
0.9 %
1.3 %
2.5 %
Types of ADHD


Chemical
imbalance
Brain
changes
CAUSES
Heredity
WHAT A BRAIN SCAN REVEALS ABOUT ADHD

Scientists use brain scans to
study differences in the
brains of people with ADHD.
SPECT
PET
fMRI
BRAIN CHANGES
when people with
ADHD perform a
task, certain areas of
their brain are more
or less active
compared to people
who dont have
ADHD.




Frontal Lobe
CHEMICAL IMBALANCE
They may also have
imbalances in brain
chemicals called
neurotransmitters
such as dopamine.

neurotransmitters
Dopamine is a crucial hormone that maintains attention to a task and
subsequently acquiring new knowledge.
The brain releases the hormone dopamine from
centres in the midbrain
-cannot pay attention
-cannot learn new facts
-Can focus on a task
-Can learn new facts
Dopamine - the attention hormone
Effective dopamine
Defective dopamine
HEREDITY
ADHD runs in families,
so many experts
believe genetics play
a role.
Russell Barkley, Ph.D., author of Taking Charge of
Adult ADHD.
Chromosomes
Studies of twins and families make
it clear that genetic factors are
the major causes of ADD/ADHD,
says Russell Barkley, Ph.D., author
of Taking Charge of Adult ADHD.
Year 2010
TREATMENT OF ADHD

Treated with stimulants
(Ex. like Ritalin (a
methylphenidate) or Adderall
(an amphetamine)
MEDICATION
Child can be helped to talk about
upsetting thoughts and feelings, explore
self-defeating patterns of behaviour,
learn alternative ways to handle
emotions and feel better about him or
herself despite the disorder
PSYCHOTHERAPHY

poor performance in school

have trouble making and
keeping friends.

low self-esteem and risky
behaviours

increases the risk of childhood
depression and anxiety disorders
ADHD gets in the way of
learning but that doesnt
mean kids with ADHD cant
succeed at school.

With proper guidance from
both parents and teachers
children with ADHD can
thrive in the classroom.


Justin
Timberlake
Adam
Levine
Michael
Phelps