Advanced FEA

Coded in Matlab
JL Mantari, PhD
Contents
Plates theories
Accuracy problem
New theories
FEA simple applications
FEA layerwise
FEA applications

Plate theories Existing theories
CPT (Classical plate theory), based on the
assumptions of Kirchhoffs plate theory.






FSDT (First order shear deformation theory),
assumes constant transverse shear deformation and
violates free surface boundary conditions.





). , ( ) , , (
, ) , ( ) , , (
, ) , ( ) , , (
y x w z y x w
y
w
z y x v z y x v
x
w
z y x u z y x u
=
c
c
=
c
c
=
). , ( ) , , (
, ) , ( ) , , (
, ) , ( ) , , (
y x w z y x w
z y x v z y x v
z y x u z y x u
y
x
=
=
=
|
|

HSDT (Higher order shear deformation theory),
assumes adequate transverse shear deformation and
comply free surface boundary conditions.


f(z)
). , ( ) , , (
, ) , ( ) , , (
, ) , ( ) , , (
3 *
3 *
y x w z y x w
z
y
w
y z y x v z y x v
z
x
w
y z y x u z y x u
y y
x x
=
+
(

c
c
+ =
+
(

c
c
+ =
| u
| u
Plate theories Existing theories

ESL (Equivalent single layer) theories:
CPT (Classical plate theory),
FSDT (First shear deformation theory),
HSDT (Higher order shear deformation theory),
Others



Plate theories Existing theories

Layerwise theories:
FSDT
HSDT
Others



Plate theories Existing theories
Plate theories Accuracy problem
For unstiffened and stiffened ship type structures, HSDTs should be used
because the deformation field is close to the deformation in real situation.
Variation of central deflection (mm) with varying geometric configurations
HSDTs
Plate theories Well-know HSDTs
,
,

.
). , ( ) , , (
, ) sinh( ) , ( ) , , (
, ) sinh( ) , ( ) , , (
2 2
*
1 1
*
y x w z y x w
h
z
y
w
y z y x v z y x v
h
z
x
w
y z y x u z y x u
=
+
(

c
c
+ =
+
(

c
c
+ =
u u
u u
HSDT1
HSDT2
). , ( ) , , (
, ) sin( ) , ( ) , , (
, ) sin( ) , ( ) , , (
2 2
*
1 1
*
y x w z y x w
h
z
y
w
y z y x v z y x v
h
z
x
w
y z y x u z y x u
=
+
(

c
c
+ =
+
(

c
c
+ =
u
t
u
u
t
u
). , ( ) , , (
, ) , ( ) , , (
, ) , ( ) , , (
2
3
2
*
1
3
1
*
y x w z y x w
z
y
w
y z y x v z y x v
z
x
w
y z y x u z y x u
=
+
(

c
c
+ =
+
(

c
c
+ =
u u
u u
HSDT3
Plate theories New GHSDTs
,
,

.
u(x, y, z) u(x, y) + z y
*

1
+q
*

3
x

w
x

+ f (z)
1
,
v(x, y, z) v(x, y) + z y
*

2
+q
*

3
y

w
y

+ f (z)
2
,
w(x, y, z) w(x, y) + g(z)
3
.
GHSDT1
GHSDT2
u(x, y, z) u(x, y) + z y
*

1

w
x

+ f (z)
1
,
v(x, y, z) v(x, y) + z y
*

2

w
y

+ f (z)
2
,
w(x, y, z) w(x, y).
FEA Simple applications
Plates special case of shells. Beams special case of plates. Then, curved
beams are special case of shells!
Beams Plates
Shells FGP
FEA bases A unified theory
,
,

.
Assume the following displacement field to begin the
derivation of the unified theory I.
u(x, y, z) u(x, y) +O(z) y
*

1

w
x

+ f (z)
1
,
v(x, y, z) v(x, y) +O(z) y
*

2

w
y

+ f (z)
2
,
w(x, y, z) w(x, y).
O(z) z and f (z) 0 CPT
O(z) 0 and f (z) 1 FSDT
O(z) z and f (z) z
3
, sinmz, tanmz, ...
{ }
HSDT
Laminate analysis. Steps for the validation of the theory

,
,

.
Displacement field.
Elasticity theory to get strains.
Law of Hook to get stresses.
The principle of virtual work and the variational theory to get,
A set of differential equations that govern the plate and finally,
Solve it with an appropriated solution (closed-form).
D
u
v
w
u
v
w

xx

yy

xx

xx

yy

yy

N, M, P,...
U
1
2

T
dv
V

W qdwdW
W

U W 0

u : De1
v : De2
w: De3

1
: De4

2
: De5
u U
mn
C S
n1

m1

v V
mn
S C
n1

m1

E L
T
A
S
Laminate analysis. Finite element method

,
,

.
Displacement field.
Elasticity theory to get strains.
Law of Hook to get stresses.
The principle of virtual work, then use the discretization.
Apply boundary conditions, and finally
Solve it!
D
u
v
w
u
v
w

xx

yy

xx

xx

yy

yy

U
1
2

T
dv
V

W qdwdW
W

e
U W
K
b
K
s
w
(
0
L
, y )
0
w
( x,
0
L
)
0
E L
T
A
S
u
1,2,.., N { }
v
1,2,.., N { }
w
1,2,.., N { }

11,2,.., N { }

21,2,.., N { }
K
gp

Df
gp
{ }
Nf
gp
{ }
1. When ESL FE codes are implemented by using:
FSDT
A (C) FEM code can be implemented
Requires arbitrary shear correction factors
No comply free surface boundary condition
HSDT
A (C ) FEM need to be implemented
Normally non-conforming FEM are implemented
A (C) FEM code can be also achieved

2. FEM using FSDT and HSDT have been explored since 1960s.

3. Layerwise FE codes do not need shear correction factors as some
well-know ESL HSDT.

4. A new generalized layerwise HSDT is presented in this thesis.


Laminate analysis. Existing theories (FEM)
Laminate analysis. Trigonometric layerwise HSDT(FEM)
) , ( y x w w
o in
=
Inner layer
ex
in
x
c in
x
in
x
in
in
c
in k
x
k k
x
c
c
in in
ma mz
x
w
z
h
h
h
x
w
a u
'
) tan( ) (
2 2
u u u u u + + +
c
c
+ + +
c
c
=

=
y
c in
y
in
y
in
in
c
in k
y
k k
y
c
c
in in
ma mz
y
w
z
h
h
h
y
w
a v
'
) tan( ) (
2 2
u u u u u + + +
c
c
+ + +
c
c
=

=
z
u x
w
x
x
x
u
3
4
u
x
Layer 5
Layer 4
Layer 3
Layer 2
Layer 1
x
h
h
h
h
h
5
4
3
2
1
w
z
x
x
u
x
x
x u
x
x
o o
-z
w
x
f(z) u
3'
5
u
x
x
1
u
x
u
2
Laminate analysis. Generalized layerwise HSDT
) , ( y x w w
o in
=
Inner layer
ex
in
x
c in
x
in
x
in
in
c
in k
x
k k
x
c
c
in in
a z f
x
w
z
h
h
h
x
w
a u
'
) ( ) (
2 2
u u u u u + + +
c
c
+ + +
c
c
=
=
y
c in
y
in
y
in
in
c
in k
y
k k
y
c
c
in in
a z f
y
w
z
h
h
h
y
w
a v
'
) ( ) (
2 2
u u u u u + + +
c
c
+ + +
c
c
=
=
z
u x
w
x
x
x
u
3
4
u
x
Layer 5
Layer 4
Layer 3
Layer 2
Layer 1
x
h
h
h
h
h
5
4
3
2
1
w
z
x
x
u
x
x
x u
x
x
o o
-z
w
x
f(z) u
3'
5
u
x
x
1
u
x
u
2
Laminate analysis. Reducing DOFs
Shear continuity imposed
x
c h in
in
in
in
in in
x
in
in
a z f
Q
Q
D
Q
Q
D
Q
Q
D
'
2
55
1
55
1
55
2
55
2
55
1
55
1
) ) ( ' ... ( u u

+ + + + =
y
c h in
in
in
in
in in
y
in
in
a z f
Q
Q
D
Q
Q
D
Q
Q
D
'
2
44
1
44
1
44
2
44
2
44
1
44
1
) ) ( ' ... ( u u

+ + + + =
x
c h ex
ex
ex
ex
ex ex
x
ex
ex
a z f
Q
Q
D
Q
Q
D
Q
Q
D
'
2
55
1
55
1
55
2
55
2
55
1
55
1
) ) ( ' ... ( u u

+ + + + =
y
c h ex
ex
ex
ex
ex ex
y
ex
ex
a z f
Q
Q
D
Q
Q
D
Q
Q
D
'
2
44
1
44
1
44
2
44
2
44
1
44
1
) ) ( ' ... ( u u

+ + + + =
=
i
D
2 2
) ( ' ) ( '
i i
h i h i
a z f a z f

+ +
{ } ex c in i , , =
where
Laminate analysis. Energy principle (FEM)
,
,

.
,

.
Four-nodded quadrilateral C continuous isoparametric element with
five-degrees-of-freedom (shear continuity is imposed)

=
=
n
i
i i
N
1
o o
{ } | |{ } o c B =
ext s e
W U = [

}}
}

}}}
=
=
=
= =
l
k
T
V
l
k
k
T T
s
dxdy D
dxdydz Q dV U
1
1
} ]{ [ } {
2
1
} ]{ [ } {
2
1
2
1
c c
c c o c
}
O
= dxdy q w W
o ext
dz H Q H D
k
l
k
T
] ][ [ ] [ ] [
1

=
=
={ w
o
,
w
x
,
w
y
,
c'
x
,
c'
y
}
T
Laminate analysis. Integration scheme (FEM)
,
,

.
,

.
}} }}
O O
O O = H qd N d B D B
T w T T T
e
o
] [ } { } ]{ ][ [ ] [ } {
2
1
o o o
} { } { } }{ { } {
2
1
e
T
e
T
P K o o o =
}}
O
O = d B D B K
T
e
] ][ [ ] [ ] [
}}
O
O = qd N P
T w
e
o
] [ ] [
} { } ]{ [
e e
P K = o
Laminate analysis. Applications
Beams Plates
Stiffened plates FGP