ALGEBRA 1

PROPERTIES OF REAL NUMBERS

The commutative and associative laws do not hold for
subtraction or division:

a b is not equal to b a
a b is not equal to b a
a (b c) is not equal to (a b) c
a (b c) is not equal to (a b) c



PROPERTIES OF EQUALITY
Reflexive property: x = x

Example: 2 = 2 or I am equal to myself

Symmetric property: If x = y, then y = x

Example: Suppose fish = tuna, then tuna = fish

Transitive property: If x = y and y = z, then x = z

Example: Suppose John's height = Mary's height
and Mary's height = Peter's height, then John's
height = Peter's height





Addition property: If x = y, then x + z = y + z

Example: Suppose John's height = Mary's height, then John's height
+ 2 = Mary's height + 2

Or suppose 5 = 5, then 5 + 3 = 5 + 3

Subtraction property: If x = y, then x z = y z

Example: Suppose John's height = Mary's height, then John's height
5 = Mary's height 5

Or suppose 8 = 8, then 8 3 = 8 3

Multiplication property: If x = y, then x z = y z

Example: Suppose Jetser's weight = Darline's weight, then Jetser's
weight 4 = Darline's weight 4

Or suppose 10 = 10, then 10 10 = 10 10



Division property: If x = y, then x z = y
z

Example: Suppose Jetser's weight = Darline's
weight, then Jetser's weight 4 = Darline's
weight 4

Or suppose 20 = 20, then 20 10 = 20 10

Substitution property: If x = y, then y can be
substituted for x in any expression

Example: x = 2 and x + 5 = 7, then 2 can be
substituted in x + 5 = 7 to obtain 2 + 5 = 7
LAWS OF EXPONENTS





RADICALS

QUADRATIC EQUATION





CUBIC EQUATION


LOGARITHM


BINOMIAL THEOREM
(x + y)
0
= 1
(x + y)
1
= x + y
(x + y)
2
= x
2
+2xy + y
2

(x + y)
3
= x
3
+3x
2
y + 3xy
2
+ y
3

(x + y)
4
= x
4
+4x
3
y + 6x
2
y
2
+4xy
3
+ y
4

(x + y)
5
= x
5
+5x
4
y +10x
3
y
2
+10x
2
y
3
+
5xy
4
+ y
5


Term with y
r



r
th
term

SEQUENCE AND SERIES

PROGRESSION
A sequence of values in which each term is
obtained from the preceding term in the same way.

Ex. 5,7,9,11,13,15..
2,4,8,16,32,64..
ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION(A.P)
Is a sequence in which thereis a common
difference d between any two consecutive terms.

Ex. 2,4,6,8,10.
FOR AN A.P.






Where:
a
n
= n
th
term or last term AM=arithmetic mean
a
m
= any term before a
n
d=common difference
S= sum of the first n terms n= number of terms
GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION(G.P)
Is a sequence in which there is a common ratio of
each term to its preceding term.

Ex. 2,4,8,16,32.
FOR A G.P






Where:
a
n
= n
th
term or last term GM=geometric mean
a
m
= any term before a
n
r=common ratio
S= sum of the first n terms n= number of terms


HARMONIC PROGRESSION(H.P)
Is a sequence of terms in which each term is the
reciprocal of the corresponding term of a series in
arithmetic progression.

Ex. , 1/6, 1/8, 1/10..
Harmonic Mean

SAMPLE PROBLEMS
The equation whose roots are the reciprocal of the
roots of 2x
2
-3x-5=0 is

a.5x
2
+3x-2=0
b.2x
2
+3x-5=0
c. 3x
2
-3x+2=0
d.2x
2
+5x-0=0





Ans. A.



What is the discriminant of the equation 4x
2
=8x-5?
a.8
b.-16
c.16
d.-8






Ans. B. -16



7. Given: log
3
( x
2
-8x)=2. Find x.
a. -1
b.9
c.-1 and 9
d. 1 and 9






Ans. c. -1 and 9
A. C.

B. D.





Ans. A.
Practice:
Find x, if

a.2
b.3
c.5
d.7






Ans. B.

Find the value of k so that
4x
2
+6x+k is a perfect square.


a. 36 c. 9

b. 2.5 d. 2.25





Ans. D.

EE Board April 1996, March 1998
The polynomial x
3
+4x
2
-3x+8 is
divided by x-5, then the
remainder is

a. 175 c. 218

b. 140 d. 200





Ans. c. 218

ECE Board April 1993
Solve for the value of x in the ff
equation: x
3logx
=100x


a. 12 c. 30

b. 8 d. 10





Ans. D. 10



Find the term involving y
5
in the
expansion of (2x
2
+y)
10


a. 8064x
10
y
5

b.8046x
5
y
5


c. 8046x
10
y
5


d. 4680x
5
y
5







Ans. A.



4. what is the 4
th
term of the of the
expansion of (x+x
2
)
100
?
a. 1650x
103

b.161700x
103

c.167100x
103

d.167100x
103







Ans. B.



5. what is the coefficient of the term free of x of the
expansion of ( 2x-5y)
4

a.256
b.526
c.265
d.625






Ans. D. 625



6. Whatis the sum of the coefficients of the expansion
of ( 2x-1)
20

a. 0
b.1
c.2
d.3






Ans. A. 0



21. The sum of three arithmetic means between 34
and 42 is?
a.114
b.124
c.134
d.144






Ans. A. 114



22. in a pile of logs, each layer contains one more log
than the layer above and the top contains just one
log. If there are 105 logs in the pile, how many
layers are there?
a. 11
b.12
c. 13
d. 14






Ans. D. 14



23. determine x so that :x, 2x + 7, 10x-7
will be a geometric progression.
a. 7, -7/12
b. 7, -5/6
c.7,14/5
d.7,-7/6






Ans. D.



In a potato race, 8 potatoes are placed 6 feet
apart on a straight line, the first being 6 ft from
the basket. A contestant starts from the basket
and puts one potato at a time into the basket.
Find the total distance he must run in order to
finish the race.
a. 222 ft
b. 342 ft
c. 432 ft
d. 532 fft






Ans. c. 432 ft

Arithmetic Progression
Find the 14
th
term in the
arithmetic sequence: 1,3,5,7


a. 25 c. 29

b. 27 d. 31





Ans. B. 27

CE Board May 1995
What is the sum of the
progression 4,9,14,19 up to the
20
th
term?


a. 1030 c. 1040

b. 1035 d. 1045





Ans. A. 1030

EE Board Oct 1991
The Fourth term of G.P. is 216
and 6
th
term is 1944. Find the
8
th
term ?


a. 17649 c. 16749

b. 17496 d. 17964





Ans. B. 17496

ECE Board April 1998

The sum of the first 10 terms of
a geometric progression 2,4,8
is?

a. 1023 c. 225

b. 2046 d. 1596





Ans. B. 2046

What is the sum of the
6+9+12..+171?

a. 4956 c. 5198

b. 4389 d. 5462





Ans. A. 4956