Warm Up

What is this animal?

Advances in Genetics
There are several different methods used to
develop organisms with desirable traits:
Selective breeding (inbreeding & hybridization)
Cloning
Genetic engineering
Other advances in genetics include:
DNA fingerprinting
Human Genome Project


Foldable
Complete the Advances
in Genetics graphic
organizer as you view
this PowerPoint.

Include this information:
Explanation/Definition
How does it occur?
Examples

Selective Breeding
Selective breeding the process of selecting a
few organisms with desired traits to serve as
the parents of the next generation

1. Inbreeding parents have same traits
2. Hybridization parents have different traits


Portrait of a Dog
English Bulldog
Short & stocky
Under-bite
Bred for blood sports
Greyhound
Tall & slender
Sleek; built for speed
Bred as a hunting dog

Selective Breeding in Dogs
Although the bulldog and greyhound are different
breeds, they are members of the same species.
Species a group of organisms that are closely related and
can mate to produce fertile offspring
For thousands of years, humans have selectively bred
dogs for certain traits and with specific tasks in mind.
Humans have developed more than 100 different
dog breeds!
Inbreeding
Inbreeding crossing two individuals with
identical or similar sets of alleles
Offspring are very similar to the parents
Goal: produce organisms with specific traits
Ex: horses bred for speed, purebred dogs
Increases the probability of inheriting genetic
disorders b/c no new alleles are introduced
Ex: hip dysplasia in many breeds of dogs
Selective Breeding: Problems
with Inbreeding
In groups, read the article:
"Dogs That Changed the World"
Introduction

Discussion Questions
Answer the following questions on chart
paper:
What is your assigned health problem?
What dog breeds are affected?
How is each breed affected?

Warm Up
1. What is the purpose of selective breeding?
A. To produce organisms with desired traits
B. To produce organisms that are unable to
reproduce on their own
C. To develop new species of organisms
D. To remove all recessive traits from a population

2. What are the two types of selective breeding
that we discussed last week?
Zebra + Horse = Zorse
Hybridization
Hybridization cross two genetically different
individuals
Goal: best traits of both parents
Ex: crops bred for disease resistance, hybrid dog
breeds (ex: Labradoodles)

Mixed-Up Species Article
1. What is a hybrid?
2. What are some examples of hybrid organisms
from the article?
3. Why are most hybrid animals infertile
(unable to breed)?

Mixed-Up Species Article
1. What is a hybrid?
A cross between two genetically different
individuals
2. What are some examples of hybrid organisms
from the article?
Zedonk, beefalo, liger, mule, grolar bear
3. Why are most hybrid animals infertile
(unable to breed)?


Lets Mix It Up
Each group will receive a set of cards.
You will create 11 hybrids using similar organisms.
One side will show the name of the organism.
The other side of the cards will show the habitat and traits
of the parents.
Using the information, you will make inferences to
answer the following:
What is the habitat of the hybrid organism?
What traits will be magnified (enhanced) in the hybrid?
What traits will disappear in the hybrid?
Fill in your graphic organizer for each hybrid.
A plant breeder crosses a short plant with pink
flowers with a tall plant with white flowers. Over
several generations, the breeder uses a computer
to track the height and flower colors. Eventually,
the breeder produces a crop of tall plants with
pink flowers. This process is known as
A. Cloning.
B. Inbreeding.
C. Hybridization.
D. Genetic engineering.
Lets Mix It Up
Mule
Horse x Donkey
Grolar Bear
Grizzly bear x Polar bear
Lets Mix It Up
Hybrid Iguana
Land iguana x Marine
iguana
Beefalo
Cow x Buffalo
Lets Mix It Up
Wholphin
Killer whale x Bottlenose
dolphin
Cama
Camel x Llama
Lets Mix It Up
Geep
Goat x Sheep
Lets Mix It Up
Limequat
Lime x Kumquat
Peppermint
Spearmint x Watermint
Lets Mix It Up
Pluot
Plum x Apricot
Loganberry
Raspberry x Blackberry
Selective Breeding Advertisement
Create a hybrid plant (fruit or
vegetable) that consumers would want
to purchase for consumption. Design
an advertisement that informs the
consumer about your hybrid food.
Be sure to include information about what
makes your hybrid desirable?
Why should I buy it?
You must include a minimum of three
desirable traits.
HOMEWORK:
Research for Selective Breeding Project
On Wednesday, you will receive more information about the
Selective Breeding Project.
By Wednesday, you need to have three examples of each type
of selective breeding (inbreeding & hybridization). Draw this
chart on notebook paper:
Type of
Selective
Breeding
Organism Parent #1
& traits
Parent #2
& traits

Benefits

Complications









Cloning
Clone organism that is genetically identical
to the organism from which it was produced.
Has the exact same genes as the organism from
which it was produced.
Plants
can clone from a cutting

Cloning
Animals
Ex: Dolly, the sheep
1. Removed the egg cell from one
sheep
2. Replaced the cells nucleus with
the nucleus from a body cell
from a 2
nd
sheep
3. Implanted the egg into the
uterus of a 3
rd
sheep
Cloning Mimi Activity (get
handout from me):
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/
content/tech/cloning/clickandcl
one/
Genetic Engineering
Genetic engineering - genes from one
organism are transferred into the DNA of
another organism
Aka: Gene splicing
Used to produce medicines & improve food crops
May cure human genetic disorders
DNA Fingerprinting
NOVA Online | Killer's Trail | It Takes a Lickin
DNA can be used to identify people
No two people, except identical twins, have the
same DNA
Often used to solve crimes

Complete this activity link above.
See me for a copy of the handout.

Human Genome Project
Genome - all the DNA in one cell of an
organism
It is estimated that the 23 pairs of
chromosomes in humans contain about 3
billion DNA base pairs or about 30,000 to
35,000 genes!
The main goal of the Human Genome Project
is to identify the DNA sequence of every gene
in the human genome.