APSTC Update

Central Mall
Wednesday, 4 May 2005
Enabling Collaborative Product Development - Managing & Coordinating Change in the Value Chain
Meeting Industrial I.T. Challenges in Manufacturing and Construction with Collaborative Problem Solving and Grid &
P2P Computing

With Industry Partners
Collaborative Engineering Program
NUS LCEL
CEP Motivation, Goals & Partners
Historical Review
CEP Snapshot & Response
Collaborative Product Devt and
Simulation-Based Design Challenges
Collaborative Engineering Grids
Summary
CEP Program Initiatives
CEP High Level Roadmap and Delivery
CEP The Way Forward
NUS LCEL Objectives
Focus FoE expertise to pursue R&D projects to
develop new technologies (tools, processes, models
and know-how) in order to

Facilitate engineering collaboration in distributed
environments for the digital enterprise

Enhance Knowledge & Human Capital Assets
through Teaching & Research Manpower Training

Relevant Knowledge & Technology Transfer through
industry collaboration, training and seminars to

Ultimately Increase Singapores Industrial
Competitiveness
CEP Motivation
Enhance Singapore as a Hub of Value in
Global/Regional Business and Innovation

Directing Innovation at Solving Key
Problems in Industries (Applications) and
Technologies (Enablers)

With Focus on Industries that
Singapore has Traction on
CEP Goals
Create key value chain capabilities in Value
Chain Core Activities:
Product Design
Planning and Management
Product Realization
Realize engineering collaboration tools &
applications on the value chain with the Internet
Exploit emerging enabling Internet technologies
e.g. Grid and Peer-to-Peer (P2P)
Enabling Tools for Engineering Collaboration
and Techniques for better Collaborative Product
Development Management Through
Framework(s)
CEP Partners
InfoComm-Development Authority
InfoComm21 Fund
National Next-Generation Internet Application Roadmap
NUS Faculty of Engineering
LCEL, ME and CE Departments
SES Systems Pte Ltd
Industrial Partnership to Realize Industry Impact
Project Mgmt & Systems Engineering/Co-Devt
Sun MicroSystems
A.P. Science & Technology Centre Expertise and
Resources
Industry Partners in Manufacturing & Construction:
SAM, IMAO, ABB Lummnus, JGC
Manufacturing
Traits
Craft Mfg Mass Mfg Lean Mfg Agile Mfg
Agile-Virtual
Mfg
Economy Basis Skill Scale Kaizon Flexibility Co-operation
Org. Focus Short Term Short Term Medium Term Long Term Long Term
Reconfigurability
Performs within a
Fixed Production
Cycle
Performs Within a
Fixed Production
Cycle
Performs Both Within
& Across Production
Cycle That Exists
Reconfigures a
Factory for
Unplanned
Production Reqts
Partners with V/C to
Exploit an
Unexpected Market
Opportunity
Scope &
Applications
Takes Account of
Specific Aspects of
Components
Manufacturing
Automates the
Specific Aspects of
Components
Manufacturing
Takes Account of
Entire Production
Chain from Customer
to Disposal
In Addition to All
Elements of Lean
Scope Incl. Process
Re-Engineering &
Corporate Strategies
In Addition to all of
Agile Scope, Incl.
Partnership,
Teamwork, Co-
operation,
Collaboration and
Info Hwy Links
Decision-Making
Style
Top-Down (1-d)
Directive
Management Style
Top-Down (1-d)
Directive
Management Style
Mostly Top-Down (1-
d) Directive
Management Style
Top-Down, Bottom-
Up (2-d) Supportive
Management Style
Bottom-Up, Top-
Down (2-d) Goal-
Oriented Decision
Making
Mgt Participation
& Commitment
Bottom-Up Driven,
No Definite Actions
Little Management
Commitment &
Actions
Bottom-Up Driven,
Some Mgt
Commitment &
Actions
Top-Down Driven,
Medium Level Mgt
Commitment &
Actions
Both Bottom-Up
and Top-Down
Driven, a Large Mgt
Commitment &
Actions
Partnering:
Strategic
Approach to
Developing
Products
Personal Strength &
Skill
Machines
Capabilities,
Technology
Utilisation &
Insertions
Teamwork &
Collaboration within
Groups
Temporal
Partnerships of Work
Teams, Co-operation
Across Groups,
Suppliers &
Customers
Teamwork & Co-
operation Across
Groups, Intra-
Organisation,
Business
Relationships &
Teamwork
Historical Review (1)
Historical Review (2)
Manufacturing
Traits
Craft Mfg Mass Mfg Lean Mfg Agile Mfg
Agile-Virtual
Mfg
Interface
Compatibility
None None Small Medium Large
Plug-in
Compatibility
None Little Small
Distributed
Computing
Co-Operative
Computing
Communication
Network
Through Voice &
Paper
Through M/C Lang
& Instructions
Through Information
Network or Pipeline
Through Seamless
Network Across &
Within Organisation
Meeting-on-the-
Network: Free
Exchange of Ideas
Up, Down and
Across
Empowerment No Empowerment No Empowerment
Transfer of Decision-
Making to Top-Level
Managers
Transfer of Decision
Making to Mid-Level
Managers
Transfer of
Decision Making as
Low as Possible in
Employee Ranks
Policy,
Procedures &
Practices
Extremely Rigid,
Complex
Procedures,
Organisation
Dictated Most of
the Steps
Less Rigid and
More Flexible than
Craft
Manufacturing
Less Rigid & More
Flexible than Mass
Manufacturing
Less Rigid and
Flexible than Lean
Manufacturing
Extremely Flexible,
Simple Procedures,
Team Mates Dictate
Most of the Steps
Team Co-
operation
No Team Co-
operation, High
Personal
Contribution
Low Team Co-
operation, Medium
Individual
Contribution
High Team Co-
operation, Low
Individual
Contribution
High Team Co-
operation &
Individual
Contributions
Very High Team Co-
operation and Less
of Hidden Goals
Motivation &
Reward System
Is Based on
Individual
Creativity &
Contributions
May be Little Better
than Craft
Manufacturing
High Team Co-
operation, Low
Individual
Contribution
More of Team Based
and Less of
Individual Based
A Reward System
that Weighs Both
Team and
Individual
Contribution
1. Product
Design
2. Planning &
Management
3. Product
Realization
An Instance of Collaboration
Network with
Information/Data Flow
Supported by Deep
Collaboration Capabilities.
Co-Design
Co-Share
Co-Schedule
Streaming
Co-Manage
Distributed Product
Models
Incremental Editing
Transmission
Scenario
Design Factory Manufacturing Factory
Design-In-Process Inventory Works-In-Process Inventory
Fundamental Issues
Market
Shifts
Globalization
Outsourcing
Technological
Impact on Engineering
Collaboration Capabilities + =
Engineering
Value Chain
Enabling
Technologies
Open Source
Platform & Tools
Grid Computing
Peer-to-Peer
CEP Snapshot
Infrastructure for
Engineering
Collaboration
Networked Test
Bed
Product Simulation/
Staging
Collaborative
Product
Development
Management
Simulation-Based
Design
Capabilities
Areas in
Engineering
Collaboration Grid
of
Present Pull Trends and Impact
Market Shifts Globalization & Outsourcing Industrial IT Challenges
Product to Customer
Functionality Focus
1. Greater Interaction
2. More Design Trade-Offs
1. Distributed Digital Product Models
Product Differentiation
to Solution
Customization
1. Greater Innovation
1. New Design Collaboration Capabilities to
generate Alternatives at features Level
2. Management of Non-Sequential version
Branches & Merges
Transactions to
Relationship-based
Intimacy
1. Greater Communication
amongst
2. Design Teams, OEMs,
Supply Chain
1. Rapid & Flexible Quality Communication
2. Timely Design Exchanges & Transmission
3. Ad-Hoc Interaction
Standalone
Competition to
Networked Rivalry
1. Fragmentation
2. Dispersion
1. Interface & Constraints Management
2. Coordinated Change Tracking for
Synchronization and Consistency
3. New Kinds of Computing Infrastructure &
Repositories
Economies of Scale to
Economies of Scope &
Increasing Returns
1. Costs Competition
2. Focus on Margins
1. Need for Task Scheduling & Queue Mgmt
2. Need for Turnaround Staging & Simulation
Need for Engineering Collaboration Capabilities Over Distributed Environments
Need to Have Collaborative Product Development Management
=
Design (Factory) Manufacturing (Traditional Factory)
Function
Need to generate information about
design specifications and
engineering requirements
Need to use generated information to
fabricate products and parts
Effort
One Time Effort in New Product or
Project Development
Repeated production or fabrication
processes
Value Add
Design must vary, new & offer
scope
Fabrication or Manufacturing must
become predictable & efficient
Economic
Value
Must make money but yet
perishable in the market over time
Fabrication processes and resources
can be repeatedly used.
Expanding
Work
Design work can expand without
clear finishing targets for
completion
Fabrication with definite finish targets
Fundamental Issues (1)
Design-In-Process Inventory Work-In-Process Inventory
Level
When high, design-to-market
is slow
When high, product-to-market is good
because more can be sold
Cycle Longer and rare Shorter and frequent Turns
Holding Costs
Higher because of higher risk
of fast obsolescence
Lower because of slow obsolescence
Cost of Change
Rising exponentially over
time
Rises linearly with more cycles
Possibility of
Change
Requirement information
arrives later and thus harder
to make changes upstream
Execution information definite at
beginning of fabrication process and
almost never changes
Managing Risk
of Change
Higher Lesser
Fundamental Issues (2)
1. Product
Design
2. Planning &
Management
3. Product
Realization
Design Factory Manufacturing Factory
Design-In-Process Inventory Works-In-Process Inventory
Fundamental Issues
Market
Shifts
Globalization
Outsourcing
Technological
Impact on Engineering
Collaboration Capabilities + =
Engineering
Value Chain
Enabling
Technologies
Design
(Change)
to Market


Open Source
Platform & Tools
Grid Computing
Peer-to-Peer
CEP Response
Infrastructure for
Engineering
Collaboration
Networked Test
Bed
Product Simulation/
Staging
Collaborative
Product
Development
Management
Simulation-Based
Design
Capabilities
Areas in
Engineering
Collaboration Grid

Collaborative Product Development
Management Challenges
a. Distributed Co-Design
b. Design Flow Management
c. Distributed Co-Scheduling
d. Product Simulation for Alternatives
e. Staging:
1. Synchronization and Coordination
2. Concurrency and Consistency
Collaborative Engineering Grids
Repository
Distributed Models and Engineering Data
Intelligent Design Repositories
Version & Subversion (Branch & Merge)

Performance
Building a Grid Computational & Data Grids
Architectures and Network Modalities for VOs
Access, Use & Share Applications, Content & Resources
Multiple Coarse-Grained Different Simulation Tasks
Turnarounds Future Growth in Speeds
Problem Solving Environment
Comprising Collaborative Engineering Tools
Interface of Engineering Grid, Collaborative/Distributed Design
& Collaborative Product Development Management to Manage
Change
Summary
Industrial IT (IIT) to command fragmented upstream and
downstream value chain activities
Crucial to IIT is engineering collaboration & problem solving
capabilities over distributed environments
Driven by Business Objectives
Rapid & Flexible Communication Process
Improved Quality in Communication
Product Innovation & Reduced Cost
Pressure in Managing Design Change (versus Churning)
Design Collaboration is Key Upstream Driver
Collaborative Product Development Management is Crucial
to Manage Change & Data
Traditional Configuration Mgmt Techniques Dont Tackle
Core Complexities Within Design Collaboration
Need New Capabilities & Infrastructure
Distributed Collaborative Design
Program Initiative
Distributed Collaborative Design Initiative
Features:
Multi User Coordination
Integrate Different Applications
Connect Geographically Dispersed Users
Ensure Design Consistency
Exchange Data Dynamically
Objective:
Enable Product Development and Concurrent Design
Activities Over a Network by Hosting Interactive Design
Sessions Between Users.
Key Projects:
A. Design (Solid Model) Streaming
B. Integrated Model Compression
C. Integrated Fixture Planning and Synthesis
Efforts:
Develop Relevant Middleware and Tools to Address Issues in
Supporting Distributed Design and Collaboration in
Interoperable ways in Partnership with SES & SUN
Distributed Collaborative Design Initiative
(A) Design (Solid Model) Streaming:
Real-time Transmission-on-Demand for Incremental
Reconstruction of the CAD model to Achieve Synchronization
for Consistency
Key Approaches and Methodologies:
Architecture Neutral
No Need to Receive Entire Data Set or CAD File a priori
Segmentation of Entities in CAD model for Extraction.
Sequencing of Entities for Ordering, Unlike AV data.
Transmission with Efficient Data Structures for
Encoding, Transfer, Decoding and Buffering to manage
Latency and Bandwidth issues.

Distributed Collaborative Design Projects
(B) Integrated Model Compression:
Dynamically Improve the Speed of Transferring Faceted
Models or Graphics Associated with Interactive
Visualization of Solid Models During Product Design.
Key Approaches and Methodologies:
Lossless Requirement
Reduce Facet and Connectivity Data Redundancy
Topological Compression With Storage Bits
Compression at Product Model Server
Decompression at User Interface Client
Compact Visualized Product Model Repository.
Managed Privacy.
Distributed Collaborative Design Projects
(C) Integrated Fixture Planning
and Synthesis:
Integrated Fixture Design and
Analysis Using Computational
Techniques
Key Approaches and Methodologies:
Distributed Design Capabilities
Knowledge-Based Approach
Integrated Analysis Tools
Grid Computing



Distributed Collaborative Design Projects
Integration to facilitate
Transparent Fixture Planning
and Analysis
Product Realization
Integrated Fixture
Analysis for
Simulation-Based
Design
Product Design
Distributed Design Environment
with Streaming/Compression
Product Planning
Fixture Design
(IPPCM Product
Modeling)
Integration to
Realize
Manufacturability
at the Early Design
Stage
Integration to
Realize Rapid
Product
Development at
the Design
Stage
DS/MC
IFDA SBD
Distributed Collaborative Design Initiative
Collaborative Construction
Management
Program Initiative
Objective:
Significantly improve AEC practices with better design and
constraints management, and constructability planning
in increasingly complex and distributed projects
Features:
Application of Lean Construction (LC) Principles to
improve Productivity and Efficiency of the overall
workflow to handle effects of fragmentation, through
Collaborative system tools to assist vertical product
and process integration, and
Optimization analysis for Constructability
Collaborative Construction Mgmt Initiative
Key Projects:
A. Integrated Production Scheduling
B. Integrated Product Process Component Model
C. Process-Parameter Interface

Efforts:
Develop System Tools Embracing LC Principles for the
AEC Environment.
Collaborative Construction Mgmt Initiative
(A) Integrated Production
Scheduling:
Improving the reliability of look-
ahead plans through enhanced
constraints management
capabilities.
Key Approaches and Methodologies:
Shielding planned activities from supply chain uncertainties using
constraints management.
Constraints tracking and messaging to pull deliverables.
Distributed schedules for transparency to project players for
improved collaboration.
Integrated multi-project scheduling capabilities

Working
Buffer
Shielding
Buffer
Collaborative Construction Mgmt Projects
(B) Integrated Product Process
Component Model for Buildability:
A product modeling tool incorporating
construction knowledge for constructability
planning and collaboration between
designers and constructors.
Key Approaches and Methodologies:
Incorporation of construction knowledge in
the way product model is built on site.
Conflict resolution in Constructability
analysis.
Visualization of construction sequence.
Computationally intensive analysis (Grid
support)
Collaborative Construction Mgmt Projects
(C) Design Flow Mgmt with
Process Parameter
Interface (PPI):
A Lean approach to manage the
design process for transparency
and reduced rework loops to
improve workflow.
Key Approaches and
Methodologies:
Design parameters to
manage design collaboration
loops.
Optimized design workflow
for parameter deliverables.
Collaboration without
compromising proprietary design
processes.
Design Construction Integration.
Collaborative Construction Mgmt Projects
Integration to
have complete
product-
process design
management
capabilities
Integration to
reveal
bottlenecks
through
Product Model
Simulation
Information-based Design
Dependency Matrix
Product Realization IPS
Design and Analysis
for Constructability
Integration to facilitate
coordination between design
management (pulling) and
on-site construction ( as-
build measurements for
fabrication) in design & build.
y x
.
.
y
x
.
.
Information-
based Design
Dependency
Network
Constraint
Management
Process
Transparency
&
Simplification
Product-Process
Design & Planning

IPPMC
PPI Design Management
Collaborative Construction Mgmt Initiative
CEP Roadmap and Delivery

Reduce project delays & resource constraints mgmt
Generate cost savings from removing overruns
Manage greater project complexity
Leverage widespread computing & data resources
for faster cost-effective turnarounds to stage design
changes & simulations
Provide quicker design alternatives
Handle & share distributed product repositories
Simulation-Based Design & Production Scheduling
Management Capabilities:
Collaborative Engineering Research Program
Key
Research
Industry
Challenges
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Parameter
Management
Distributed
Design
Parameter
Management
Value Chain Integration
of Applications, Tools &
Frameworks
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Connecting the Horizontal Fragmented Chains
With Collaboration Capabilities & Frameworks
From Single Product/Project (PP) Chain to
Multiple (PP) Chains
Standalone Distributed
Key Results
Fixture
Analysis &
Simulation-
Based
Design
Integrated
Production
Scheduling
Simulation-
Based
Design on
Engineering
Grid
Collaborative
Production
Scheduling
Model
Compression
Integrated
Product-
Process
Model
Integrated
Fixture
Design
Design Streaming
Distributed
Product-
Process
Model
Intelligent
Fixture
Design
Design Management Framework & Application:
Increased design coordination on inter-dependent
parameters with interfaces to proprietary practices
Optimize design parameter deliverables
Collaboration to improve design & reduce costs
Reduce project time-to-market period wastage
Reduce design-related quality problems
Collaborative Design Framework & Applications:
Design-related middleware to increase timely
accurate updates & support incremental exchange
of product models
Distributed digital product modeling, simulation &
collaboration with intelligence to increase
responsiveness in manufacturability
Design applications drive the collaboration through
planning and realization activities
Design management
deficiencies
Quality problems
Time-to-Market
Wastage
Managed
production
schedules
Collaboration /
simulation
capabilities
Infrastructure for
cost effective
resource provision,
staging & mgmt
Rapid Design
Interactions &
Responsiveness
Timely Accurate
Updates
Knowledge-based
Product Modeling
Product / Project
Complexity
Value chain integration will help to obtain:
Responsive manufacturability & buidability at design
Transparent simulation & rapid product realization
Complete product-process mgmt capability
Coordinated design mgmt & production
Reveal bottlenecks through product model simulation
Companies Upgrade &
Improve Their Value
Proposition Abroad For
Present & Future
Relevance
Companies Gain Access to
IIT Competency to
Compete in Global Value
Chains
Program Results Have
Robust Quality & Impact
on Industry
Collaborative
Engineering
Test Beds
Pilot Trials
&
Evaluation
Collaboration
Applications, Tools &
Frameworks Inside
Distributed Environments
Realistic
Cases &
Problems
Partnership with
Integrator,
Vendor
Users &
Companies
Industry
Benefits
Outcomes
CEP Delivery Plan
Industry Impact Program Strategy
1. Design,
2. Planning &
Management, &
3. Realization
Key Projects &
Prototypes within
Core Value Chain
Activities of :
Working
Buffer
Shielding
Buffer
Design Planning & Mgmt Realization
Thank You
Product Model Characteristics
Product Model Geometry Topology
Solid Model
Representations
Design &
Geometric
Reasoning
Modelling
Real Design Changes & Decisions
Visualization
Facets
Graphics
Rendering
Animation
Virtual Reality
Augmented
Reality
Review & Markup
Distributed and Flexible Integration Become Even More Important
Resource Knowledge Compute Data Processes are Intensive Bandwidth
Simulation
Based
Design
Repository Data
Finite
Element
Models and Analyses
Computational Analysis
Genetic Algorithm
Dependencies
Knowledge-
Based
Systems in
Design,
Planning &
Management
Knowledge
Rules
Objects
Constraints
Assembly
Inference
Engine
Features
Agents
Distributed Requirements:
Generates