18

th
amendment was passed by the
National Assembly of Pakistan on April 8,
2010.
Restore the rights of provinces as self
governing entities.
Transfer of power from Federal level to
Provincial level.
Social Sectors:
Education
Health
Population Welfare
Labour & Manpower
Social Welfare & zakat
Economic Sectors:
Business Regulation
Sales Tax
Overbearing Federal Presence
With 18
th
amendment, provinces have their
own policies in
Curriculum, syllabus policy etc.
Article 25-A(right to education)
The state shall provide free & compulsory education
to all children aged from 5-16

Overtime Government assumed larger role
Then concurrent list was abolished &
provinces took control of:
Drugs & Medicine
Prevention of diseases & contagious infection extending to
another province
Mental illness & mental retardation
18
th
amendment has given following aspects
to Provinces:
Welfare of labour
Trade Union
Labour exchanges & training programmes
Unemployment Insurance
Historically the GST belonged to Provinces
In 1948, the provinces let the newly
established under funded Government of
Pakistan to take control of taxes
In 1951, it was permanently a federal area
Same happened in 1973
However, the provinces reclaimed their
jurisdiction over the sales tax after 18
th

amendment.
Article 167 states
A province may raise domestic or
international loan, or give guarantees on the
security of Provincial Consolidated Fund
within such limits as may be specified by the
National Economic Council.
Provincial
Debt
National Corruption Perception Survey:
Police
Power
Health
Land
Education
All except power are provincial matters
If politicians are held directly accountable, it will
lead to lessening of corruption


Impact on Corruption
18
th
amendment has provided an opportunity to
bring economic development closer to peoples'
needs & preferences.
Changed the ways of converting strategies into
plans.
Better allocation of resources as provincial
governments devise their own economic policies.
Invest in human resource to improve economic
performance
Consequences for
Economic Security
4 major changes brought about by 18
th

amendment to allow provinces:
maximum autonomy & greater opportunities to spend
More tax power & enhanced share in natural resources
Borrow money domestically & internationally
Development planning & Economic Policy making

Steps in right direction but

More monetary freedom open avenues for
corruption


18
th
amendment therefore is no substitute for
anti corruption strategy & merit based
recruitment of service deliverers.

It provides over arching framework for
governance, but not a mechanism to end
corruption.