EVIDENCE OF USE

Antiobesity Effect of Codonopsis

lanceolata (Codonopsis root) in
High-Calorie/High-Fat-Diet-Induced
Obese Rats
Choi, H., Won, E., Jang, Y. and Choung, S. (2013).
Antiobesity effect of Codonopsis lanceolata in high-
calorie/high-fat-diet-induced obese rats. Evidence-
Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine,
2013.
Codonopsis lanceolata root composed of
various active components including tannins,
saponins, polyphenolics, alkaloidss, essential
oils, and steroids.

Has pharmacological properties including
antiobesty, antioxidant, antimicrobial,anti-
inflammatory, and immunomodulatory
activites

Biological activities of Codonopsis root :

Water extracts effectively suppressed the high-fat-
diet-induced accumulation of neutral fat and total
cholesterol in serum and the liver in the
experimental model

Ethanol extracts of Codonopsis root demonstrated
very strong antioxidant effects comparable to those
of ginseng extract

Aqueous extracts of Codonopsis root acted on the
immune system in direct and indirect manners and
increased the cellular immune reaction .
Dried licorice root fights the
bacteria that cause tooth decay and
gum disease

Gafner, S., Bergeron, C., Villinski, J., Godejohann, M., Kessler, P.,
Cardellina, J., Ferreira, D., Feghali, K. and Grenier, D. (2011).
Isoflavonoids and coumarins from Glycyrrhiza uralensis:
antibacterial activity against oral pathogens and conversion of
isoflavans into isoflavan-quinones during purification. Journal of
natural products, 74(12), pp.2514--2519.

Two licorice compounds identified, licoricidin and
licorisoflavan A.

These compounds are the most effective
antibacterial substances.

These substances can inhibit growth of cariogenic
species Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus
sobrinus .

They also can kill periodontopathogenic species
Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella
intermedia
Mechanism of the Inhibitory Effects of
Eucommia ulmoides (Eucomnia bark/Du
Zhong)Oliv. Cortex Extracts (EUCE) in the
CCl4-Induced Acute Liver Lipid Accumulation
in Rats
Jin, C., Li, B., Lin, S., Yadav, R., Kim, H. and Chae, H. (2013).
Mechanism of the Inhibitory Effects of Eucommia
ulmoides Oliv. Cortex Extracts (EUCE) in the CCl4-Induced
Acute Liver Lipid Accumulation in Rats.International
Journal of Endocrinology, [online] 2013, pp.1-11. Available
at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/751854 [Accessed 5
Aug. 2014].
Eucommia ulmoides leaves have been used for
treatment of hepatic lipid accumulation and
hepatic damage.

Eucommia ulmoides cortex extracts (EUCE)
contain the same components as Eucommia
ulmoides leaves.

Eucommia ulmoides leaf extracts have potent
protective effects in various lipid peroxidation
models and reduce oxidative damage of
biomolecules
Acute injection of CCl4 decreased plasma
triglyceride but increased hepatic triglyceride
and cholesterol as compared to control rats.

Oral pretreatment with Eucommia ulmoides
cortex extracts may protect liver against CCl4-
induced hepatic lipid accumulation.
Anti-inflammatory Activity of Methylene
Chloride Fraction
From Glehnia littoralis Extract via
Suppression of NF-B
and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase
Activity
Yoon, T., Cheon, M., Lee, A., Lee, D., Moon, B., Chun, J.,
Choo, B. and Kim, H. (2010). Anti-inflammatory
Activity of Methylene Chloride Fraction From Glehnia
littoralis Extract via Suppression of NF-B and
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activity. Journal of
Pharmacological Sciences, 112, pp.46-55.
Methylene chloride fraction from Glehnia littoralis
extract (MCF-GLE) inhibited 12-O-Tetradecanoyl-
phorbol-13-acetate (TPA)induced inflammation in an
inflammatory edema mouse model.

MCF-GLE strongly inhibited the releases of nitric oxide
(NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-
(TNF-), and interleukin-1 (IL-1)

MCF-GLE suppressed the mRNA and protein expression
of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2
in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7
macrophage cells in dose-dependent manner.
These results prove that MCF-GLE has an
inhibitory effect on the in vivo and in vitro
inflammatory reaction and is a possible
therapeutic agent.